ERRA Rural Housing Program Owner Driven Approach

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ERRA Rural Housing Program Owner Driven Approach
By M. Waqas Hanif, Program Manager Rural
Housing, ERRA
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Snapshot The Disaster

• 7.6 Richter Scale Earthquake Hit Pakistan in Oct
  2005
• The Quake left 73,000 dead and more than 70,000
  severely injured
• Around 3 million rendered shelterless
• Around 600,000 houses destroyed/damaged

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The Rapid GOP/ERRAs Rural Housing Reconstruction
Programa short trajectory from conception to
implementation!

• October 8, 2005 The Earthquake occurs
• November 12, 2005 Damage Needs Assessment
  Released
• November 19, 2005 Around 6 Billion Pledged at
  Donors Conference
• December, 2005 Preliminary Rapid Grants
  Distribution (Transitional Support Grant
  1st Tranche of Housing Subsidy)
• Jan-Mar 2006 Multi-stakeholder consultation for
  Housing Policy Development led by ERRA

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The Initial Response

• Temporary Shelter Support Grant to 550,000 people
• Detailed damage assessment survey carried out,
  confirming 600,000 affected houses (approx. 80
  totally destroyed)
• GoP through ERRA launches a housing
  reconstruction program in 9 affected districts
• Rs.175k grant for reconstruction
• Rs.75k grant for repair/restoration

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Canvassing the Need to Build Back Better in the
international context
Little room for compromise on the quality of
reconstruction, despite public expectations
pressure on Government to get on with it
Buildings Kill ! More than Quakes
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• ERRAs
• Rural Housing Policy

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Strategy

• Policy Pillar 1 Owner-Driven Housing
  Reconstruction-Homeowners in charge of rebuilding
  their own homes

• Providing an enabling environment to homeowners,
  through
• Prior training, information, communication
  campaigns
• Rebuilding with familiar methods easily
  accessible materials ensuring cultural
  preferences in design
• Providing technical assistance during
  construction
• Promoting use of own labor salvaged materials
• Establishing building materials supply chain
• Facilitating opening of bank accounts.

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Why owner Driven ?

• Long term disaster risk reduction
• Capitalizing on the social cohesiveness of the
  people
• Traditional designs and people preference for
  them
• New paradigm in development Putting people in
  charge
• Lack of capacity with the government and in
  private sector to deal with the magnitude
• Speedy re construction led by people them selves
  for their private assets

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Strategy

• Policy Pillar 2 Ensuring uniform assistance
  packages and maximizing program outreach

• Cash SUBSIDY for core housing unit not
  replacement of loss
• Coordination of multiple reconstruction
  initiatives standards for equity
• application of uniform policies across the board
  
• Ascertaining application of seismic design
  standards
• Ensuring full spatial coverage
• Reducing risks of beneficiary double counting or
  being missed
• Rebuilding In-situ - addressing land ownership
  availability issues, minimizing relocation costs.

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Strategy

• Policy Pillar 2 Ensuring uniform assistance
  packages and maximizing program outreach

• Transparent, uniform criteria for grant
  eligibility
• Replacement of a destroyed house with a new
  seismic-resistant core unit
• Restoration and strengthening of a damaged house
  to seismically acceptable standards
• Relocation only where necessary i.e., where
  natural hazard risk remain very high due to
  seismicity, topography, soil conditions etc.

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Strategy

• Policy Pillar 3 Ensuring judicious use of grants
  - avoiding socio-economic inequities managing
  conflicts grievances

• Consistent Transparent Damage Assessment
  criteria - across all affected districts, with
  resurveys for specific trouble areas
• Eligibility subject to ownership or in case of
  tenants, authorization from owners to rebuild the
  house
• MOUs signed with beneficiaries to ensure
  judicious use of grants, with penalizing clauses
  for intentional non-compliance
• Participatory and inclusive grievance redressal
  systems

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Strategy

• Policy Pillar 4 Assisted and Inspected
  Reconstruction Restoration

• Over 600 assistance and inspection (AI) teams
  mobilized for house-to-house outreach
• Disbursements in tranchés linked to stages of
  construction and compliance with seismic
  standards
• Tranché disbursement through Banks after
  progress/quality certification based on technical
  criteria
• PMTs providing continuous assistance advise

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Strategy

• Policy Pillar 5 Ensuring Seismic Safety

• Development of designs, construction guidelines,
  and training curricula, that meet internationally
  accepted requirements for low cost earthquake
  resistant housing, such as
• thinner walls
• lighter roofing
• well connected structural systems
• excluding the use of katcha type construction
• Establishing a review and approval mechanism for
  additional design approvals submitted by
  miscellaneous stakeholders, based on reference
  minimum structural design standards
• Seismic zoning and multi-hazard risk mapping
  ongoing to guide planning and construction.

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A reminder of the scale of the problem !

• 30,000 sq.km of rugged mountainous terrain
• Huge Scatter of Housing
• Huge social mobilization required in dealing with
  remote mountain communities
• Housing damage to the tune of 6-7 times the scale
  of contemporary post-disaster housing programs

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Difficult Terrain
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The Institutional (Public Private) Resources
Coordination Mechanisms put in place
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Inspections Form Flow Leading to Payment
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Establishment of NADRA Database

• Development of a software and MIS Database for
  the entry, screening/correction, and preparation
  of all data related to the Housing Program
• Scanning and entry of forms in the database
• Verification validation of data
• Transfer of data from remote servers to main
  server in Islamabad
• Generate and compile lists of beneficiaries for
  payments and maintain a database on the status of
  payments
• Possibility of real-time data updation facility

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Reporting, Monitoring Evaluation System(RME)
Conceptual Diagram
OUTPUTS
INPUTS
ARMY
Physical Reconstruction Reports
NADRA
Financial Disbursement Reports
UC Level Compliance Reports
UN-HABITAT
ERRA
(In Progress)
Web Reports
Electronic Mails
MISCELLANEOUS
Thematic Maps
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Benefits of RME System

• Efficient management of large quantities of
  disaggregated data
• Central database / focal point
• Standardization of Union Council names
• Capacity building of ARMY, ERRA and stakeholders
• Improved decision making
• Planning for better resource allocation
• Improved data analysis due to correlation of
  different data sources
• Uniform data collection
• High level analysis and reporting

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Benefits of RME System

• Identification of trends
• Electronic copies for quick dissemination
• Improved communication and coordination of
  information
• Data transferable to maps, reports, charts,
  graphs, etc
• Facilitates 3rd party validation
• Correlation of TMIS and other program outputs
• Correlation of physical progress and financial
  data

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Establishment of Data Resource Centers (DRCs)
Grievance Redressal

• ERRA has opened 10 Data Resource Centers (DRCs)
  in the affected areas for handling and disposing
  of following grievances
• Incorrect CNIC information / CNIC Duplication
• Missing Bank Account information
• Account Information Duplication
• No Record Found
• The DRC Managers are the focal points for
  redressal of above-mentioned grievances through
  updation of records after due verification
  leading to payment as well as serve as contact
  points for any other required information

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Return Cases (NADRA Updation Approval)
Housing Cash Grant Grievances Redressal MIS
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Objectives of PIC

• Image Building of ERRA.
• Disseminate ERRA Rural Housing Policy among
  various Stakeholders.
• Keep the Interest of all the stakeholders alive.

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OPERATIONAL APPROACH
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Design Option - Dissemination
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Owner Driven Rural Housing With Assisted
Inspected Construction
Completely Destroyed Houses, subsidy US
3000 Partially Destroyed Houses, subsidy US
1,250 Negligibly Damaged Houses, subsidy US 417
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Progress - Rural Housing
US 1.16 Bn has been disbursed as Rural Housing
subsidy and US 58 Million as Urban
Housing Skills Development training was imparted
to 256,547 individuals before the commencement of
construction of their house
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Rural Housing
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Rural Housing
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Rural Housing
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Challenges

• Maximizing the judicious use of housing grants
  -reducing program drop-outs, resolving
  owner-tenant issues, etc.
• Further increasing rate of seismic compliance,
  especially in problematic areas
• Need to focus on the tail-end of the building
  materials supply chain to enhance availability of
  materials to remote communities and reduce their
  transport burden
• Targeted Public Information Campaign for
  beneficiary sensitization of the risks of
  building at hazardous sites
• Promoting institutionalized cross Learning
  between the ERRA and other organization

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Thank You