Networking and Internetworking

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Networking and Internetworking

• Jenhui Chen
• Assistant Professor
• http//www.csie.cgu.edu.tw/jhchen

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Networking issues for DS

• Performance
• Latency
• Data transfer rate
• Scalability
• Reliability
• Security
• Firewall
• Mobility
• Quality of service
• Multicasting

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Types of Network (1/2)

• Local Area Networks (LANs)
• Wide Area Networks (WANs)
• Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
• Wireless Networks
• Internetworks
• Network Comparisons
• See the following table

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Types of Network (2/2)
Range
Bandwidth (Mbps)
Latency (ms)
LAN
1-2 kms
10-1000
1-10
WAN
worldwide
0.010-600
100-500
MAN
2-50 kms
1-150
10
Wireless LAN
0.15-1.5 km
2-11
5-20
Wireless WAN
worldwide
0.010-2
100-500
Internet
worldwide
0.010-2
100-500
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Network Principles

• Packet Transmission
• Data Streaming
• Switching Schemes
• Broadcast
• Ethernet, wireless networks
• Circuit Switching
• Packet Switching
• Store-and-forward network
• Frame Relay
• Brings some of the advantages of circuit
  switching to packet-switching networks
• Protocols

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Conceptual layering of protocol software
Message received
Message sent
Layer n
Layer 2
Layer 1
Communication
Sender
Recipient
medium
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Encapsulation as it is applied in layered
protocols
Protocol layers
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Protocol layers in the ISO Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model
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OSI protocol summary
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Internetwork layers
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Routing in a wide area network
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Routing tables for the network in Figure 3.7
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Pseudo-code for RIP routing algorithm
Send Each t seconds or when Tl changes, send Tl
on each non-faulty outgoing link. Receive
Whenever a routing table Tr is received on link
n for all rows Rr in Tr if (Rr.link n)
Rr.cost Rr.cost 1 Rr.link n if
(Rr.destination is not in Tl) add Rr to Tl
// add new destination to Tl else for all rows Rl
in Tl if (Rr.destination Rl.destination and
(Rr.cost lt Rl.cost or Rl.link n)) Rl Rr //
Rr.cost lt Rl.cost remote node has better
route // Rl.link n remote node is more
authoritative
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Internetworking

• Routers
• Bridges
• Hubs
• Switchs
• Switches perform a similar function to routers,
  but for local networks (normally Ethernet) only.
• Tunnelling

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Simplified view of the QMW Computer Science
network
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Tunnelling for IPv6 migration
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TCP/IP layers
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Encapsulation in a message transmitted via TCP
over an Ethernet
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The programmer's conceptual view of a TCP/IP
Internet
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Internet address structure, showing field sizes
in bits
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Decimal representation of Internet addresses
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IP packet layout
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IPv6 header layout
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IPv6 embodies

• Address space 128 bits (16 bytes)
• Routing speed
• Real-time and other special services
• Future evolution
• Multicast and anycast
• Security

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The Mobile IP routing mechanism
Sender
Subsequent IP packets
Mobile host MH
tunnelled to FA
Address of FA
returned to sender
First IP packet
addressed to MH
Internet
Foreign agent FA
Home
First IP packet
agent
tunnelled to FA
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TCP and UDP

• Use of ports
• UDP features
• TCP features
• Sequencing
• Flow control
• Retransmission
• Buffering

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Firewall

• Service control
• Behavior control

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Firewall configurations
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IEEE 802 network standards
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Wireless LAN configuration
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ATM protocol layers
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ATM cell layout
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Switching virtual paths in an ATM network