Ottun Adeshina Raymond

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Linux Explained

• Ottun Adeshina Raymond

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OS WarToday's situation
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Topic

• Overview (Linux Briefly)
• Anatomy of a Linux Box
• Installation
• System requirements ( Can my system run it?)
• New Concepts (The Drives are all GONE!)
• Storage Requirements (Should I buy a new disk?)
• Dual Boot System guide(I have windows installed
  but i want to keep it)
• Linux Flavours (Which should I Choose?)
• Installation Media (What are my options?)
• Exploring the new system
• File System Overview (Where are my files!)
• Applications (Great !,now its installed,what can
  i do with it)
• Conclusion
• Case Study Ubuntu quick Demo (If time permits)

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Linux Briefly
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Linux BrieflyFreshers

• Started as a student project in 1991
• Its a free operating system
• Open source (source code is available)
• Derivative of Unix OS
• Supports a variety of hardware

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Linux Briefly Why Talk About It?

• Server Side Technologies(LAMP,File
  access,storage solutions,remote access,e.t.c)
• Increasing popularity
• Performance
• Better Security
• Stability Flexibility
• Possible alternative to Microsoft Windows
• Its everywhere(set-up-boxes,Mobile
  platform(iPaq,phones,iPod e.t.c) ,Playstation 3)

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Anatomy of a Linux Box

• Kernel,File System,Modules,Desktop Environments
  e.t.c.

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Anatomy Of A Linux Box
Desktop Environment/Window Manager
Apps
GUI / X window
Utilities
Shell
Daemons
Kernel
Hardware
Top Down break down of the System
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Installation
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InstallationSystem Requirements

• x86 PCs(AMD Intel ,PowerPcs,IBM
  Hardware,Itanium (Recommended over 300MHz)
• 256Mb Memory (or less depending on the
  requirements and use)
• At least 2.5 GB hard disk for a full install
  (Full Ubuntu Install)
• CD-ROM Drive with enough speed

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Installation New Concepts

• No C or D Drives Notations unlike Windows
  environment.
• There is only one root directory (File system
  hierarchy standard)
• File systems support (ext2,ext3,reiserFs)
• Hard drive Notations
• IDE Drives hda,hdb,hdc
• Each partitions hda1,hda2 e.t.c
• SCSI Drives sda,sdb,sdc
• Each partitions sda1,sda2 e.t.c

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Installation Basic Storage Requirements

• A root partition ,The head of the file
  system(more on this later)
• Swap partitions usually twice as big as the
  physical memory (similar to windows page file)
• Other hard drives or partitions can be mounted at
  this point too with required permissions.
• Select a name for your windows partitions if any

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InstallationDual Boot system - Windows/Linux

• Resize the existing system disk to free up space
• Create 2 new partitions,one for root approx 3Gb
  and another smaller for swap
• set the first partition to be the root and the
  other to swap
• Install a boot loader

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Installation Linux Flavours a.k.a Distros

• Similarities Differences
• SuSe,Ubuntu,Fedora,CentOs....e.t.c

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InstallationLinux Flavours-Similarities

• Kernel
• Similar libraries (development libraries)
• Basic utilities(e.g. text editors,shells,network)
• Daemons (e.g. printer,http,ftp,ssh e.t.c)
• Drivers (e.g. ntfs,hardware e.t.c)
• Modules (e.g network cards modules)

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InstallationLinux Flavours-Similarities

• Installation procedures (System installers)
• Desktop Environments (KDE,Gnome e.t.c)
• Bundled Applications (Multimedia applications
  e.t.c)
• Bundled Libraries
• System Configurations(e.g. Web server,Media
  server,workstation)
• Hardware support out-of-the-box
• Package Managers (Adept,Synaptic,Yum,Yast .e.t.c)

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Installation Linux Flavours

• RPM Based
• Suse (Novell )
• RedHat ,Fedora (Red Hat incorporated)
• Cent OS (community based)
• Debian Based
• Debian itself (community based)
• Ubuntu(conical Ltd)(Case Study)
• Xandros (Xandros.com)
• Mepis (Mepis.com)
• Source Based
• Slackware (community based)

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Installation - Installation Media

• Normal Installation CDs and DVDs
• Live CDs
• Without installation capabilities
• With installation capabilities
• Network Installation
• http
• ftp
• nfs
• Customized Installation
• Raw kernel compilation
• Hardware-specific installation

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Exploring the System

• File System Layout,Desktop Environments,Applicatio
  ns,General configurations e.t.c.

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Exploring the new systemGraphical User Interface

• Desktop environments provides GUI for Linux OS
  and also applications and utilities for using the
  system effectively.
• Basic facilities
• Window manager
• File Manager/Explorer
• Numerous Utilities
• Complete desktop management

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Exploring the new systemYour Desktop

• Gnome
• KDE
• XFCE
• FluxBox (Window Manager).
• Enlightenment
• XPDE(Windows Look alike).

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Exploring Important Folders

• home This folder is the root folder of all
  registered users on this machine except the root
  user.
• root This is the root folder of the root user.
• media/mnt - Real location of your hard disks
  ,USBs, CD/DVD drives and windows folders
• etc. - Contains configuration files for programs
  installed on the machine.
• boot - Contains boot up files for the system
  (Do not touch!)

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Applications

• Office Suite (Open Office)
• Internet chat(Gaim,aMsn,Kopete,e.t.c)
• Email Calendar(Evolution,Mozilla Thunderbird)
• Web browser(Firefox,Mozilla,Opera,epiphany,
  e.t.c)
• Multimedia (vlc,xmms,songbird,Amarok,Xine ,e.t.c)
• Torrents p2p(Azureus,Bitornado,Limewire
  ,e.t.c)
• Voip (skype,ekiga e.t.c)
• Developers (Netbeans,eclipse e.t.c)
• Wine - Windows platform emulator,allows
  installation and running of native windows
  application on the Linux platform e.g.(adobe
  suite ,Macromedia suite, Corel draw ,games)

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Conclusion

• Exciting Technology
• Industrial Strength
• Alternative to windows
• It works
• It is more secure
• Stability Performance
• Its everywhere
• Worth giving a try!

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• Thanks
• Questions Comments

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Ubuntu (Case Study)quick demo

• Most popular Linux Flavour