Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World

1
Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical
World

• Briefing to Ericsson Headquarters
• Stockholm, Sweden
• June 8, 2001

2
California Institute for Telecommunications and
Information Technology

• 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers
• UC San Diego and UC Irvine
• Layered Structure
• Materials and Devices
• Networked Infrastructure
• Interfaces and Software
• Strategic Applications
• Policy
• New Funding Model (4 Years)
• State 100M
• Industry 140M
• Private 30 M
• Campus 30M
• Federal 100-200M
• Total 400-500M
• One of Four Awarded

3
The Cal-(IT)2 UCSD Building in 2004
4
A Broad Partnership Response from the Private
Sector

• Akamai
• Boeing
• Broadcom
• AMCC
• CAIMIS
• Compaq
• Conexant
• Copper Mountain
• Emulex
• Enterprise Partners VC
• Entropia
• Ericsson
• Global Photon
• IBM
• IdeaEdge Ventures
• Intersil
• Irvine Sensors
• Leap Wireless
• Litton Industries

• Mission Ventures
• NCR
• Newport Corporation
• Orincon
• Panoram Technologies
• Printronix
• QUALCOMM
• Quantum
• R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical RI
• SAIC
• SciFrame
• Seagate Storage
• Silicon Wave
• Sony
• STMicroelectronics
• Sun Microsystems
• TeraBurst Networks
• Texas Instruments
• UCSD Healthcare

Computers Communications Software Sensors Biomedic
al Startups Venture Firms
Large Partners gt10M Over 4 Years
140 M Match From Industry
5
Ericsson Sponsored Research

• Approach
• Initial White Papers Proposed by Faculty Teams
• Ericsson Identified Intellectual Sponsor
• Follow-up Meetings to Refine Scope and Objective
• Reviewed at Ericsson in April by Ramesh Rao, UCSD
• Topics
• Adaptive Systems for Ubiquitous Communication
• Project Scope Refined With Magnus Almgren
• Advanced Antennas
• Initiated Discussions With Sören Andersson
• Design and Analysis of CDMA Systems
• Stefan Parkeval Visited UCSD
• Power Amplifier Design
• San Diego Research

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Adaptive Systems for Ubiquitous Communication

• UCSD Faculty Team
• Cosman, Cruz, Dey, Rao, Voelker
• Objective Design of an Adaptive System That Can
  
• Sense All Available Network Access Systems at Any
  Given Location
• Seamlessly Select the Most Cost Effective Service
  and
• Dynamically Adapt to the Selected Service in
  Support of Multimedia Applications
• Approach
• Develop a Comprehensive System Model, Which Will
  Include All Critical Segments That Compose Such a
  System
• Close Attention to the Interfaces Between Various
  Segments of the Systems

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Scope

• Types of Adaptations Studied Will Include
• Adaptation to Static Terminal Characteristics,
• Display Size and Processing Capabilities,
• Dynamic Characteristics
• Available Battery Reserves and User Preferences
• Adaptations to Location
• Infrastructure Capabilities
• Points of Interest to the Users
• Adaptations to the Varying Costs of Transmission
• System Interference
• Application Requirements,
• Guaranteed or Best Effort Service

8
Advanced Antennas

• UCSD Team
• Masry, Milstein, Proakis, B. Rao, Siegel, Zeger,
  Zeidler
• Topics Proposed
• Reverse Link ST Processing
• Algorithms for interference suppression and
  channel equalization
• Channel estimation
• Design of detection/decoding algorithms
  (iterative decoding and multiuser)
• Performance analysis under fading, multiple
  access interference, est. errors
• Forward Link ST Processing
• Open loop space time codes
• Forward link beam forming based on reverse link
  channel information
• MIMO Systems
• Open and closed loop coding and decoding methods
• Channel Estimation and performance Analysis
• Adaptive Signal Processing
• Analysis of LMS algorithm for dependent channel
  conditions
• Analysis of Constant Modulus algorithm for
  dependent channel conditions
• Analysis of CDMA detectors based on these
  algorithms

9
Design and Analysis of Wideband CDMA Systems

• Faculty Milstein, Siegel, Cosman, Zeger
• Scope
• Use of Iterative Decoding/detection/equalization
  Techniques for Performance Enhancement Over
  Multipath Fading Channels
• Combined Source Coding, Error Correction Coding,
  and Spreading.
• Effects of Channel Estimation Errors on System
  Performance
• Use of Multiple Access Interference Suppression
  Techniques Combined With Error Correction Coding

10
Power Amplifier Design

• UCSD Faculty Team
• Prof. Larson and Asbeck
• Topics of study
• Explore linearization by predistortion of the
  input signals
• Explore Doherty and LINC techniques in power
  amplifiers
• Develop improved models for various transistor
  families, including HBTs (for both III-V and SiGe
  materials) and LDMOS
• Amplifiers based on various device technologies,
  including SiGe HBT and BiCMOS

11
Cal-(IT)2 is Working with Computer Science
Faculty on Mobile Code
Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project
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Mobile Code-Based Client-Serverfor the Active Web

• Client Is Extended by Injecting Code Into
  Internet
• Extension Runs at Intermediate Server
• Higher Performance, Greater Reliability
• Liberated From Client Device, Bypasses Wireless
  Link
• Current implementation Java, JINI

Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project
13
Cal-(IT)2 is Working with Industry on Mobile
Software Development
BREW
Source Qualcomm
14
The High PerformanceWireless Research and
Education Network
Uses FCC Unlicensed Band
NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI,
Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone
15
The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of
Californias 25,000 Bridges
New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links
Cal-(IT)2 Will Develop and Install Wireless
Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis Management
Control Rooms
Source UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.
16
Adding Brilliance to Wireless SensorsWith
Systems-on-Chip
Protocol Processors
Reconf. Logic
Memory
DSP
Processors
Source Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
17
The Institute Facilitates Faculty Teams to
Compete for Large Federal Grants
Proposal-Form a National Scale Testbed for
Federating Multi-scale Brain Databases Using NIH
High Field NMR Centers
Surface Web
Deep Web
Source Mark Ellisman, UCSD
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Traffic Flow Optimization--Extending the Orange
County Testbed

• Institute Scope
• Restructuring Traffic Flows by Sharing
  Information
• Sensor Based Real-Time Monitoring of Traffic
  Cars
• Extension of the Internet Into Automobiles
• Telematics Consortium
• Creating Intelligent Vehicles

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Cal-(IT)2 will Research Multiplayer Computer
Games

• 3D Multiplayer Worlds
• "EverQuest The online, real-time fantasy world
  lets players assume the roles of warriors and
  wizards for days on end... As the decade closed,
  this was the nearest you could get to being on a
  Star Trek holodeck."

www.everquest.com
20
Pervasive Computing Means Overlaying the
Physical and Cyber Realities
Source Virginia Tech/Univ. Illinois, MIT, Univ
Washington, UCSD
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Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today

• Local Area Wireless Internet Watering Holes
• Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains
• Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps
• Security and Authentication can be Added
• But, it is Shared and Local
• MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major
  Hotels,
• Universities, FreeNets
• Wide Area InternetCDMA20001xEV
• Peak is 2.4 Mbps downstream, 307 kbps Upstream
• Average is 600 kbps upstream, 220 kbps down
• Extends CDMA Cellular/PCS Voice to IP Packet Data
• UCSD Has Antennas Working With Several Mile
  Coverage

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The UCSD Living Grid LaboratoryFiber,
Wireless, Compute, Data, Software
Source Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC
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Adding Brilliance to Information AppliancesUsing
the Wireless Internet

• Interactive Access to
• Job Status
• Application Codes
• File Storage

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Goal Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device Faced With
Heterogeneous Access Network
Our Focus Identify Issues Related to Handoff
Between WLAN and WWAN Networks and Implement a
Test-bed
Discussing Field Tests of Birdstep Technology
Ericsson
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou UCSD-CWC,
Cal-(IT)2
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The Implementation is Based on Co-Allocated
Mobile IP

• The Mobile Terminal Obtains a Care-of-Address
  (CoA) From the WLAN/WAN Network
• The Mobile Terminal (MT) Informs the Home Agent
  of the CoA
• The Home Agent Routes Packets From the Remote
  Host to This CoA by Tunneling (Encapsulation)
• The MT Does the Decapsulation
• The MT Sends Packets Directly to the Remote Host

Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou UCSD-CWC,
Cal-(IT)2
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Extending Our Work to Bluetooth

• Coexistence Mechanisms for Interference
  Mitigation
• Between 802.11 WLANs and 802.15 WPANs
• Collaborative and Non-Collaborative Mechanisms
• A Novel Non-Collaborative Scheme
• For Both Synchronous and Asynchronous 802.15
  Traffic
• Significant Reduction in Interference
• Project Between
• Carla Chiasserini Politecnico di Torino Italy
• Ramesh R. Rao Cal-(IT)2, UCSD
• Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks
• Stefan Savage, Geoff Voelker, Keith Marzullo
  UCSD CSE
• Acquire 100 iPAQ's Connected with Bluetooth
• DARPA Proposal Under Review

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Throughput Enhancement Using Multiple Wireless
Interfaces
Home Agent
WAN1
Internet
WAN2
Remote Host
WAN3
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou UCSD-CWC,
Cal-(IT)2
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Implement Using a Channel Striping Algorithm

• Use a Mobile IP-Like Infrastructure to Schedule
  the Packets Onto the Multiple Interfaces
• The Scheduling Algorithm Is Implemented on the
  Home Agent and the Mobile Terminal
• Create an Interface Selector That Manages the
  Multiple Interfaces by Picking the Least Cost
  Interfaces That Satisfy the Bandwidth
  Requirements of the Applications

Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou UCSD-CWC,
Cal-(IT)2
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The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure--Unexpected
Revolutions

• Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure
• Bottom Up
• Completely Decentralized
• Self-Assembling
• Use at Your Own Risk
• Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment
• Examples
• NSFnet?Internet
• NCSA Mosaic?Web
• IEEE 802.11?Broadband Wireless Internet
• Napster?Peer-to-Peer Storage
• SETI_at_home?Peer-to-Peer Computing

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Universities Are Rapidly Moving to Deploy 802.11
Nodes

• CMU
• Project Monarch
• Developing Networking Protocols Protocol
  Interfaces to Allow Seamless Wireless and Mobile
  Host Networking
• Been Working with 802.11 for Two Years
• UNC
• Requires All Freshman to Have a Laptop
• Seven Buildings with 802.11 in Classroom, Labs,
  Dorms
• Joint with Cisco
• University of Houston
• 120 Distributed 802.11 Nodes
• KTH-IT, Stockholm
• 45 nodes, 512 laptop clients in Fall
• University of California San Diego
• Bridging 802.11 WLAN with CDMA2000 WAN
• Wide Array of Clients

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University Free Nets are Leading to Community
Open Access Networks

• Free Access to Local Information
• Gateway to Choice of Internet ISPs
• Ericsson is Co-Sponsor
• KTH and the City of Stockholm cooperating
• Beginning to Deploy Bay Stations in City
• Discussions on Creating SwedenOpen

www.stockholmopen.net
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Rapidly Growing 802.11b Community Wireless
Network in Seattle
We are using widely-available, license-free
technology to create a free, locally-owned
wireless backbone. This is a MetropolitanAreaNetw
ork (not just a "wireless LAN" in your home or
business) and a community-owned, distributed
system (not yet another service provider to whom
you owe a monthly bill).
www.seattlewireless.net
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The 802.11b WLAN Node Movement Has Hit Sweden!

• If you have a broadband or DSL connection in
  your home or office, buy an access point, hook it
  up, and you are a node operator.
• The project grew out of a skepticism towards the
  claims of the telecom industry regarding the
  usefulness and success of the future "third
  generation mobile telephone systems" as the only
  means to implement "the wireless Internet".
• We envision a cloud of free Internet
  connectivity that will cover most inhabited
  areas. The coverage might be spotty, vary over
  time, and be hard to control or predict, just
  like a fog or smog.
• 369 members as of June 1, 2001

www.elektrosmog.nu/
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Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3G Proceed as
Planned?

• Lack of 3G Global Standardization
• Constrains Economies of Scale
• The Economics of Telecom
• The Huge Debt Load
• The Investment in 3G Buildout
• Is There a Business Case to Recoup?     
• Technological Breakouts
• IEEE 802.11 Buildout
• 3G (Data-Only) Can Deploy Now (CDMA20001xEV)
• Will They Skim the Cream of the 3G Market?