SuperStuff

1
SuperStuff Informal Seminar Series JC Séamus
Davis jcdavis_at_ccmr.cornell.edu
http//people.ccmr.cornell.edu/jcdavis/ Every
Tue., 3.00 PM, AMPEL 311, Fall 2009 Independent
of the microscopic interactions leading to their
formation, supergasses, superfluids,
superconductors and supersolids exhibit the same
macroscopic quantum phenomena including
persistent currents, circulation (or flux)
quantization, quantized vortices, vortex
crystallization, London dynamics and Josephson
Effects. We will review, informally, the
history of these ideas, their experimental
validation, and the present state of research
into such superstuff.
i D. R. Tilley, J. Tilley, Superfluidity and
Superconductivity (IOP Publishing Ltd., UK, ed.
3, 1990).
2
Fermion
Macroscopic Quantum Systems


Superconductor Superfluid 4He Superfluid 3He
Superfluid 87Rb Superfluid ( e-Fermi
liquid) (Bose liquid) (Fermi liquid)
(Bose gas) (Fermi gas)
2e
1911 1934 1972 1995
2004/5
Verslagen van de Afdeeling Natuur-kunde der Kon.
Acad. van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, pp. 1479,
28 April 1911.
H. Kamerlingh Onnes
3
Fermion
Macroscopic Quantum Systems


Boson
Superconductor Superfluid 4He Superfluid 3He
Superfluid 87Rb Superfluid ( e-Fermi
liquid) (Bose liquid) (Fermi liquid)
(Bose gas) (Fermi gas)
4He
2e
1911 1938 1972 1995
2004/5
P. Kapitza, Nature 141, 74 (1938). J.F. Allen
A. D. Misener, Nature 141, 75 (1938).
Kapitza Allen
4
Fermion
Fermion
Macroscopic Quantum Systems
Boson
Superconductor Superfluid 4He Superfluid 3He
Superfluid 87Rb Superfluid ( e-Fermi
liquid) (Bose liquid) (Fermi liquid)
(Bose gas) (Fermi gas)
4He
2e
2-3He
1911 1938 1972 1995
2004/5
D. D. Osheroff, R. C. Richardson, D. M. Lee,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 885 (1972).
Richardson, Lee Osheroff
5
Fermion
Fermion
Macroscopic Quantum Systems
Boson
Boson
Superconductor Superfluid 4He Superfluid 3He
Superfluid 87Rb Superfluid ( e-Fermi
liquid) (Bose liquid) (Fermi liquid)
(Bose gas) (Fermi gas)
87Rb
4He
2e
2-3He
1911 1938 1972 1995
2004/5
M. H. Anderson et al, Science 269 , 198 (1995).
Cornell Wieman
6
Fermion
Fermion
Fermion
Macroscopic Quantum Systems
Boson
Boson
Superconductor Superfluid 4He Superfluid 3He
Superfluid 87Rb Superfluid 6Li (
e-Fermi liquid) (Bose liquid) (Fermi
liquid) (Bose gas) (Fermi
gas)
87Rb
4He
2e
2-6Li
2-3He
1911 1938 1972 1995
2005
M. Greiner, C. A. Regal and D.S. Jin, Nature 426,
537 (2003) C. Chin et al, Science 305, 1128
(2004) M. W. Zwierlein et al, Nature 435, 1047
(2005)
7
Fermion
Fermion
Fermion
Macroscopic Quantum Systems
Boson
Boson
Superconductor Superfluid 4He Superfluid 3He
Superfluid 87Rb Superfluid 6Li (
e-Fermi liquid) (Bose liquid) (Fermi
liquid) (Bose gas) (Fermi
gas)
87Rb
4He
2e
2-6Li
2-3He
1911 1938 1972 1995
2005
All these Macroscopic Quantum Superfluids are
created from an initial Fermi-fluid or
Bose-fluid. Starting from a Quantum Solid, can
one create a Superfluid?
8
Fermion
Fermion
Fermion
Macroscopic Quantum Systems
Boson
Boson
Superconductor Superfluid 4He Superfluid 3He
Superfluid 87Rb Superfluid 6Li (
e-Fermi liquid) (Bose liquid) (Fermi
liquid) (Bose gas) (Fermi
gas)
87Rb
4He
2e
2-6Li
2-3He
1911 1938 1972 1995
2005
Can one create a Superfluid starting from a
Quantum Solid?
9
Fermion Boson Boson Fermion
Quantum Solid -gt Superfluid
?
HCP Solid 4He -gt Superfluid(?)
Optical Lattice Mott-Insulator -gt Superfluid
CuO2 Mott-Insulator Hole-doping -gt High-Tc
Superconductor
2e
?
1986 2002 2003
?
Muller Bednorz
G. Bednorz A. Muller. Z. Phys. Rev. B 64 189
(1986)
10
Fermion Boson Boson Fermion
Quantum Solid -gt Superfluid
?
HCP Solid 4He -gt Superfluid(?)
Optical Lattice Mott-Insulator -gt Superfluid
CuO2 Mott-Insulator Hole-doping -gt High-Tc
Superconductor
87Rb
2e
?
1986 2002 2003
?
M. Greiner et al , Nature 415, 39 (2002)
11
Fermion Boson Boson Fermion
Quantum Solid -gt Superfluid
?
Solid 4He -gt Superfluid
Optical Lattice Mott-Insulator -gt Superfluid
CuO2 Mott-Insulator Hole-doping -gt High-Tc
Superconductor
87Rb
4He
2e
?
1986 2002 2004
?
E. Kim and M. H. W. Chan, Nature 427, 225
(2004) E. Kim and M. H. W. Chan, Science 305,
1941 (2004)
12
Fermion Boson Boson Fermion
Quantum Solid -gt Superfluid
Optical Lattice Mott-Insulator -gt Superfluid
Solid 4He -gt Superfluid
Optical Lattice Mott-Insulator -gt Superfluid
CuO2 Mott-Insulator Hole-doping -gt High-Tc
Superconductor
87Rb
4He
2e
?
1986 2002 2004
?
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Fermion Boson Boson Fermion
Quantum Solid -gt Superfluid
Optical Lattice Mott-Insulator -gt Superfluid
Solid 4He -gt Superfluid
Optical Lattice Mott-Insulator -gt Superfluid
CuO2 Mott-Insulator Hole-doping -gt High-Tc
Superconductor
87Rb
4He
2e
?
1986 2002 2004
?
How vacancy-doped Quantum Solids become
Superfluid is an outstanding problem of
physics.
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Bose Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
15
Constant Enthalpy Cooling Discovered Baron
Kelvin in 1852 (Joule - Thompson Effect)
William Thomson
James P. Joule
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Joule - Thomson Effect Liquefaction
J-T Coefficient
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Liquefaction of 4He
H. Kamerlingh Onnes (Helium 1908)
James Dewar (Hydrogen 1898)
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Liquefaction of 4He
H. Kamerlingh Onnes
Through Measurement to Knowledge
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Superfluid 4He
H. Kamerlingh Onnes
Through Measurement to Knowledge
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Bose Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
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Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
Einstein, A. Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physik-Mathematik,
1924 261267, 1924.
Bose, S.N, Zeitschrift fur Physik, 26 178181,
1924.
22
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
23
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
24
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
J.F. Allen A. D. Misener, Nature 141, 75 (1938).
P. Kapitza, Nature 141, 74 (1938).
25
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
The l-Phenomenon of Liquid Helium and the
Bose-Einstein Degeneracy, F. London. Nature 141,
643 (1938).
26
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Superfluidity
F. London H. London. The electromagnetic
equations of a superconductor. Proc. Roy. Soc
149, 71 (1935). F. London. Macroscopical
interpretation of superconductivity. Proc. Roy.
Soc 152, 24 (1935). F. London. The
l-phenomenon of liquid helium and the
Bose-Einstein degeneracy. Nature 141, 643
(1938). F. London, Superfluids, Vol. I
Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity. F.
London, Superfluids, Vol. II, Macroscopic Theory
of Superfluid Helium .
By far the most important step towards
understanding the phenomena was the recognition
by Fritz London that both superconductors and
superfluid helium are macroscopic quantum
systems. John Bardeen 1990...
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Macroscopic Quantum Effects of Superfluidity
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Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena of a Superfluid
Signatures Macroscopic Quantum
State Superflow Circulation
Quantization Quantized Vortices Persistent
Mass Currents Critical Velocity Josephson
Effects
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Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena of a Superfluid
Signatures Macroscopic Quantum
State Superflow Circulation
Quantization Quantized Vortices Persistent
Mass Currents Critical Velocity Josephson
Effects
30
Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena of a Superfluid
Signatures Macroscopic Quantum
State Superflow Circulation
Quantization Quantized Vortices Persistent
Mass Currents Critical Velocity Josephson
Effects
31
Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena of a Superfluid
Signatures Macroscopic Quantum
State Superflow Circulation
Quantization Quantized Vortices Persistent
Mass Currents Critical Velocity Josephson
Effects
32
Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena of a Superfluid
Signatures Macroscopic Quantum
State Superflow Circulation
Quantization Quantized Vortices Persistent
Mass Currents Critical Velocity Josephson
Effects
33
Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena of a Superfluid
Signatures Macroscopic Quantum
State Superflow Circulation
Quantization Quantized Vortices Persistent
Mass Currents Phase Slip Josephson
Effects
2p vortex phase slip
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Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena of a Superfluid
Signatures Macroscopic Quantum
State Superflow Circulation
Quantization Quantized Vortices Persistent
Mass Currents Phase Slip Josephson
Effects
Df
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SuperStuff Informal Seminar Series JC Séamus
Davis jcdavis_at_ccmr.cornell.edu
http//people.ccmr.cornell.edu/jcdavis/ Every
Tue., 3.00 PM, AMPEL 311, Fall 2009 NEXT
WEEK PERSISTENT CURRENTS
Gavroglu, Kostas Fritz London A Scientific
Biography (Cambridge, 2005) Van Delft, D., Heike
Kamerlingh Onnes. ( Amsterdam, Bert Bakker, 2005)
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