Achieving a Healthy Weight

1
Achieving a Healthy Weight

• Chapter Eleven

2
Understanding Body Composition

• The body is composed of body fat and fat-free
  mass.
• Body fat is
• Essential
• Storage fat

3
Overweight vs. Obesity

• Overweight body weight in excess of recommended
  ranges
• Obesity excessive accumulation of body fat
• Body Mass Index (BMI) method of classifying
  overweight and obesity
• Refer to Table 11-1 for BMI reference.

4
Risks Associated with Obesity

• Raises LDL levels
• Raises triglycerides
• Reduces HDL levels
• Increases blood pressure
• Aggravates liver disorders
• Cancer risks

• Aggravates arthritis
• Diabetes risk
• Gall bladder disease
• Cardiovascular disease risks
• Nerve damage
• Kidney failure

5
What Causes Obesity?

• Energy balance equation
• Fat-cell theory
• Set-Point theory
• Heredity
• Metabolism

6
Factors That Affect Basal Metabolic Rate

• Gender
• Musculature
• Age
• Body size
• Nutritional status
• Activity level
• Genetics

7
Concepts to Consider About Diets

• Dieters assume weight loss will be quick and
  immediate.
• Weight loss is due to glycogen storage.
• Crash diets cause severe side effects.
• Weight cycling is common with low-calorie or fad
  diets. AKA the yo-yo syndrome
• Popular diet plans are listed in Table 11-5.

8
Lifetime Weight Management Concepts

• Weight management is a lifestyle.
• 3 management components must be integrated over a
  lifetime
• Food management
• Emotional management
• Exercise management

9
Advantages of Using Exercise Management

• Burns calories (for type of activity/caloric
  expenditure see table 11-8)
• Prevents loss of muscle
• Decreases abdominal fat

• May lower set-point thermostat
• Maintains weight loss
• Improves self-esteem
• Suppresses appetite

10
Eating Disorders

• These disorders are a response to
• Societal influence
• Dieting culture
• Fat discrimination
• Overachieving perfectionism
• Media images

11
Bulimia Nervosa

• Compulsive need to eat large quantities of food
  followed by purging via many methods
• Binging is a response to an intense emotional
  experience.
• Physical effects include
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Low blood sugar
• Dehydration
• Nerve and liver damage
• Bone density loss

12
Anorexia Nervosa

• Psychological disorder, less common than bulimia
  nervosa
• Self-starvation
• Characterized by severe caloric restriction
• Found primarily in early, middle teenage females
• Eventually can lead to hospitalization or even
  death

13
Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

• Called compulsive overeating
• Considered the most common eating disorder
• People with BED do not compensate by dieting or
  purging.
• BED individuals are usually overweight.
• The goal would be to normalize eating habits.

14
Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)

• Do not meet criteria of other eating disorders
• Behaviors vary between different eating habits
• Becomes a popular way to deal with food issues
• Exact statistics are unavailable since many of
  these behaviors are unreported.

15
What Can Be Done to Treat Eating Disorders?

• School-based prevention programs
• Society accepting more responsibility
• Recognizing that eating disorders are not about
  food, but emotional distress
• Seeking professional help, e.g., psychotherapy

16
Achieving a Healthy Weight

• Chapter Eleven