Hardware and Software

1
Hardware and Software

• Chapter 2

2
Principles and Learning Objectives

• Information system users must work closely with
  information system professionals to define
  business needs, evaluate options, and select the
  hardware and software that provide a
  cost-effective solution to those needs.
• Identify and discuss the role of the essential
  hardware components of a computer system.
• List and describe popular classes of computer
  systems and discuss the role of each.

3
Computer System Components

4
Hardware Components in Action

• Instruction phase
• Step 1 Fetch instruction
• Step 2 Decode instruction
• Execution phase
• Step 3 Execute the instruction
• Step 4 Store the results

5
Execution of an Instruction
6
Processing and Memory Devices
7
Processing Characteristics and Functions

• Machine cycle time
• Clock speed
• Wordlength
• Superconductivity

8
Moores Law
9
Number of Bytes

10
Types of Memory

• Random access memory (RAM)
• EDO RAM
• SDRAM
• DRAM
• Read-only memory (ROM)
• PROM
• EPROM

11
Basic Types of Memory Chips
12
Secondary Storage and Output Devices
13
Cost Comparisons for Various Forms of Data
Storage
14
Secondary Storage Access Methods

• Sequential access
• Direct access
• Sequential access storage devices
• Direct access storage devices

15
Secondary Storage Devices

• Magnetic tapes
• Magnetic discs
• RAID
• SAN
• Optical discs
• Magneto-optical discs
• Digital versatile discs
• Memory cards
• Expandable storage

16
Types of Secondary Storage
17
Hard Disc
18
Storage Area Network
19
Digital Versatile Disc Player
20
Expandable Storage
21
Comparison of Secondary Storage Devices
22
Input Devices

• Personal computer input devices
• Voice-recognition devices
• Digital computer cameras
• Terminals
• Scanning devices

23
A PC Equipped with a Computer Camera
24
Output Devices

• Display Monitors
• Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
• Printers and Plotters
• Music Devices

25
Laser Printer
26
Types of Computer Systems
27
Summary

• Hardware devices work together to perform input,
  processing, data storage, and output.