Common Bases

1
Common Bases
2
Common Bases
Name Formula Common Name
Sodium hydroxide NaOH lye or caustic
soda Potassium hydroxide KOH lye or caustic
potash Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 milk of
magnesia Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 slaked
lime Ammonia water NH3 H2O household ammonia
.
NH4OH
NH41 OH1-
ammonium hydroxide
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Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
Acid Formula Conjugate base Formula
perchloric HClO4 hydrogen chloride HCl nitric
HNO3 sulfuric H2SO4 hydronium
ion H3O hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4- phosphoric H
3PO4 acetic HC2H3O2 carbonic H2CO3 hydrogen
sulfide H2S ammonium ion NH4 hydrogen
carbonate ion HCO3- water H2O ammonia NH3 hydro
gen H2
perchlorate ion ClO4- chloride ion Cl- nitrate
ion NO3- hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4- water H2O s
ulfate ion SO42- dihydrogen phosphate
ion H2PO4- acetate ion C2H3O2- hydrogen
carbonate ion HCO3- hydro sulfide
ion HS- ammonia NH3 carbonate
ion CO32- hydroxide ion OH- amide
ion NH2- hydride ion H-
Decreasing Acid Strength
Decreasing Base Strength
acid conjugate base H
Metcalfe, Williams, Catska, Modern Chemistry
1966, page 229