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Censorship

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Internet censorship is essentially a method used by corporations, governments ... Pages they would deem obscene. How Does Censorship Work ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Censorship


1
Censorship
  • By
  • Arielle Etchells
  • Tanay Gavankar
  • Jennifer Horst
  • Brian Langone
  • Vanessa Venturella

2
What is Internet Censorship?
  • Internet censorship is essentially a method used
    by corporations, governments and others in order
    to filter what a user can view on the internet.

3
Why Censorship?
  • Businesses use censorship to ensure their
    employees are not distracted online.
  • Families may use censorship in order to limit
    what sites their children can access.
  • Governments use censorship to prevent citizens
    from
  • Viewing political pages that are against the
    ruling party
  • News pages that would inform citizens of
    demonstrations or conflicts.
  • Pages they would deem obscene.

4
How Does Censorship Work
  • There are a number of ways to employ censorship.
    They include
  • Software such as Net Nanny and CYBERsitter. These
    programs use a blacklist that has a number of
    sites deemed offensive.
  • These programs also look for keywords on a site
    and if they are found it will block access to the
    site.
  • Firewalls can also be used, they block what goes
    in and out of a network.
  • Many businesses rely on firewalls.
  • Countries also use firewalls in order to limit
    what their citizens can view.
  • Some countries even have physical surveillance
    systems such as cameras at computer locations.

5
Censorship by Government
  • No nationwide filtering of content.
  • Content that is hosted in US and violates US law
    can be removed.
  • Childrens Protection Act passed in 2000
  • Department of Defense filters certain IP
    addresses

6
Pros/Cons of Government Censorship
  • PROS
  • Can potentially protect citizens.
  • Upholds already existing laws
  • CONS
  • Violates First Amendment rights
  • (Communications Decency Act)

7
Which Countries are most Censored?
No censorship- Mexico       Some censorship
USA (most first-world)      Under
surveillance-Australia     Internet black holes
(most heavily censored nations) China,
8
Enemies of the Internet
  • In 2006, Reporters without Borders published a
    list of the
  • 13 Enemies of the Internet
  • Burma
  • China
  • Cuba
  • Egypt
  • Iran
  • North Korea
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Syria
  • Tunisia
  • Turkmenistan
  • Uzbekistan
  • Vietnam

9
Different Methods of Internet Censorship
  • Egypt has limited technological means to
    persecute certain internet users, but the
    government uses beating and harassment as
    punishment for political webpages.
  • Algeria does not use internet filters, but it is
    illegal to post any criticism of the government
    online.
  • China takes a more technological approach, using
    extensive content filters known as the Great
    Firewall of China to discourage content creation
    .
  • Kazakhstani government uses a special program
    called Bolat, which slows down, but does not
    stop, access to terrorist or opposition party
    sites. This essentially prevents anyone from
    accessing them.
  • In Burma, total censorship is practiced. Under
    the Electronic Act, all use of the internet is
    considered a dissident act and is punishable by
    a 15 year prison sentence.

These animated cops are seen on Chinese webpages
reminding bloggers that their content is being
monitored.
10
Overall International Censorship
  • The most commonly censored topics in the
    international community is webpages with opposing
    political views or information.
  • While there are many different methods of
    Internet Censorship in the world, one common
    factor is that none of them are very effective.
    Cut off one site and a thousand more pop up.
  • Information from Global Censorship a
    Comparative Study http//commons.globalintegrity.o
    rg/2008/02/internet-censorship-comparative-study.h
    tml

11
Censorship Circumvention
  • Proxy Sites
  • Force external (unblocked) sites to fetch
    websites and display to you
  • PeaceFire.org
  • Provides links to new proxy sites

12
Fighting Censorship
  • Groups such as NCAC, FAIC, CAC
  • Take up legal action
  • Provide educational resources
  • Document/report issues
  • Expand public awareness
  • Submit amici briefs

13
Our Opinion
  • Internet should not be censored by government
  • China, etc.
  • Censorship of sites is acceptable for certain
    privately run locales (i.e. businesses or
    schools)
  • The internet is a free informational medium that
    should not be censored
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