Equation Types

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Equation Types

• Balancing Equations

2
Single Displacement Reactions

• A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive
  metal (in a compound) or a more reactive nonmetal
  displaces a less reactive nonmetal (in a
  compound)
• General form
• Element compound ? element compound
• Check Activity Series Chart to determine if
  reaction took place

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Single Displacement Examples

• Zn (s) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) ? Cu (s) Zn(NO3)2 (aq)
• Cu (s) 2 AgNO3 (aq) ? 2 Ag (s) Cu(NO3)2(aq)
• Mg (s) 2HCl (aq) ? _____ (g) _____ (aq)

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Double Displacement Reactions

• The metals present in two compounds (in water
  solution) change places to form two new
  compounds.
• A double displacement reaction occurs only if a
  solid precipitate forms (check solubility chart),
  or gas or water are created as products.
• Examples are precipitation reaction and
• acid-base neutralization reactions.

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Double Displacement Examples

• AgNO3 (aq) NaCl (aq) ? AgCl (s)
• 
  NaNO3 (aq)
• NaOH (aq) HCl (aq) ? NaCl (s) H2O (l)
• Ba(NO3)2 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) ?
• _______ (s) _________ (aq)

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Synthesis Reactions

• 2 or more substances combine to form one new
  substance
• 2H2 (g) O2 (g) heat ? 2 H2O (l)
• CaO (s) H2O (l) ? Ca(OH)2 (aq)
• Ca (s) Cl2 (g) ? CaCl2 (s)

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Synthesis Reactions cont.

• SO2 (g) H2O (l) ? _________ (aq)
• Al (s) O2 (g) ? ________ (s) balance
• 
  

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Decomposition Reactions

• A compound is broken down into components.
• Energy must be supplied to break down the complex
  compound into simpler substances.
• 2 HgO (s) ? 2 Hg (l) O2 (g)

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Decomposition Examples

• 2 H2O (l) ? 2 H2 (g) O2 (g)
• H2O2 (l) ? H2 (g) O2 (g)
• KClO3 (s) ? _______ (s) ________ (g)
• 
  balance also

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Other reaction types

• Dehydration removal of water
• CuSO4 5H2O (s) ? CuSO4 (s) H2O (l)
• Polymerization using a subunit molecule (called
  a monomer) as a building block of a many unit
  chain or structure
• examples DNA, proteins, carbohydrates

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Other Reaction Types

• Hydrogenation adding hydrogen (in place of
  double/triple bonds)
• Combustion substance combines with oxygen to
  produce CO2 and H2O (if combustion is incomplete
  or not hot enough some CO may be formed as well)

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Reaction Types

• Neutralization when an acid and base combine to
  form water and salt
• NaOH (aq) HCl (aq) ? NaCl (s) H2O (l)
• H3PO4 (aq) 3NaOH (aq) ? 3H2O (l)
• 
  Na3PO4 (aq)

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Smaller points of interest

• Know diatomics H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
• ? means yields and shows direction of action
• (g) gas, (s) solid, (l) liquid,
• (c) crystalline solid
• ? above arrow shows heat has been added
• ?? shows reaction is reversible