Someone has to draw the line on Landmines

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Advancing Civil-Military Relations in
Multinational OperationsMajor General Michael
G. Smith AO (Retd)Chief Executive
OfficerAustcareUSI of the ACTCanberra23
January 2008
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Long Pole in the Tent

• Future multinational operations in the
  Asia-Pacific will require Australia to strengthen
  its operational capability in civil-military
  relations and to apply human security to
  enhance prospects for a more sustainable peace.
• New thinking and a more integrated civil-military
  approach is required.

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Scope

• Understanding civil-military relations and human
  security
• Asia-Pacific Region
• Types of Multinational Operations three block
  war (3BW)
• Building Human Security
• Strengthening the UN
• Four Key Initiatives

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Civil-Military Relations
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Civil-Military Actors in Complex Emergencies
- Military is only one actor - NGOs are only one
of the civil actors
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(Mis)understanding NGOs

• I am serious about making sure we have the best
  relationship with the NGOs who are such a force
  multiplier for us, such an important part of our
  combat team. We are all committed to the same,
  singular purpose to help every man and woman in
  need, who is hungry, who is without hope, to help
  every one of them fill a belly, get a roof over
  their heads, educate their children, have hope.
• US Secretary of State Colin Powell to NGO
  Leaders,
• 26 October 2001

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USMC/US Army Doctrine 2006

• To the greatest extent possible, commanders try
  to complement and not override their (ie. NGO)
  capabilities.
• Counterinsurgency
• US Army Field Manual 3-24
• USMC Warfighting Publication 3-33.5

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Human Security

• Human Security
• individuals
• protection
• empowerment
• conscience
• human rights

• State-Centric or National Security
• war territory
• sovereignty
• power national interests

REDUCE MANAGE THREATS SUSTAINABLE PEACE
PROSPERITY
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Asia-Pacific Region

• Loosely defined and very diverse
• Largest region in the world
• 60 of the worlds population
• 55 countries as defined by the UN
• From Iran and Armenia in the West, to French
  Polynesia in the East
• From the Russian Federation and Japan in the
  North, to New Zealand in the South
• University of Melbourne Research Publication
• June 2003

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U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM)
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Multinational Operations
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Three Block War (3BW)

• GEN Charles Krulac, Commandant USMC, 1997
• In one moment of time, our service members will
  be feeding and clothing displaced refugees,
  providing humanitarian assistance. In the next
  moment, they will be holding two warring tribes
  apart conducting peacekeeping operations and,
  finally, they will be fighting a highly lethal
  mid-intensity battle all on the same dayall
  within three city blocks.

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Convergence 3BW
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Building Human Security
Building Human Security
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Humanitarian Space
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Humanitarian Principles

• Humanity
• To bring assistance to people in distress without
  discrimination
• Impartiality
• Action is based solely on need
• Neutrality
• Humanitarian action must not favour any side in
  an armed conflict
• Independence
• Humanitarian action must be kept separate from
  political, economic, military or other objectives
• DO NO HARM!

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The Power of Human Security

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Battlespace or Humanitarian Space?

• Civil military endstates may not be the same.
• Military actions are driven by political
  objectives.
• Humanitarian actions are - or should be
  driven by concern for the civil population.
• When human rights is a key political objective,
  potential for cooperation is highest.
• If the population is or becomes a military
  target, cooperation is very difficult for
  humanitarian actors.

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Can MilitaryNGO Interface Work?

• nowhere will you find more selfless, dedicated,
  and professional people than you will find at the
  operator level in the military and the
  humanitarian response community.For most, their
  work is not a profession it is a calling.
• Chris Seiple, The US Military/NGO Relationship in
  Humanitarian Interventions, US Army Peacekeeping
  Institute, 1996

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Best Areas for Military-NGO Interface

• Security
• Logistics
• Communications
• Transportation
• Infrastructure (limited)
• Information (not intelligence)
• DO NO HARM

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Winning Hearts and Minds?

• On Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)
• no matter how well-run and efficient a PRT
  appears, if it does not lay the foundations for
  stable local development once it departs, it will
  have done little to foster the activity of
  reconstruction to which its title refers.
• Prof William Maley, NATO Review, Autumn 2007

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Enhancing Protection

• Ambiguous term
• Responsibility to Protect (R2P) UN mandates
  including protection of civilians
• Humanitarian Protection agreed definition of
  the UN Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)
  the ICRC
• The concept of protection encompasses all
  activities aimed at obtaining full respect for
  the rights of the individual in accordance with
  the letter and the spirit of the relevant bodies
  of law (i.e. human rights law, humanitarian law
  and refugee law).

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Centres of Excellence
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Strengthening Commitment to the UN
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Continuing UN Reform

• More successes than failures.
• Brahimi Report 2000 integrated missions.
• World Leaders Forum Sept 2005 reinforced MDGs
  agreed R2P, established Peacebuilding
  Commission.
• DPKO, USG Guehennos Peace Operations 2010
  Memorandum to All Staff, 30 Nov 2005 5 goals
  preparedness, doctrine, partnerships, resources,
  integration.
• Improvements to emergency response (CERF), 2006
  and cluster lead agencies.

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ConclusionFour Key Initiatives

• Strengthen our approach to civil-military
  relations
• Adopt and implement human security
• protection doctrine
• human security as strategic guidance
• Establish a Centre of Excellence to
  operationalise civil-military relations
• Support UN and strengthen its effectiveness
• developed countries to do more!

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Final Thought!

• Hearts minds lessons of the Malayan Emergency
  must now be turned on their head.
• For sustainable peace, a greater commitment to
  human security will be required based on a
  willingness to listen harder and learn from those
  that are being supported.