Adaptacin de Windows

1
10th International Conference on Computers
Helping People with Special Needs Linz,
Austria July 12-14, 2006
Carlos Benavídez José Luis Fuertes Emmanuelle
Gutiérrez Loïc Martínez
Technical University of Madrid School of
Computing
SIDAR Foundation
2
Contents

• Introduction
• Tools for Evaluating Web Accessibility
• Web Accessibility Evaluation
• HERA 1
• HERA 2
• HERA 2 Modules
• Conclusions
• Future Work

3
Introduction

• Web accessibility
• Access to the Web for everyone, regardless of
  disability
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
• Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
• WCAG 1.0 W3C Recommendation (May, 1999)
• How to make Web content accessible to people with
  disabilities
• Contains general principles guidelines
• Each guideline contains checkpoints
• Each checkpoint has a priority (1 to 3)
• There is a new version under development (WCAG
  2.0)

4
Introduction

• The inaccessibility of a design is not obvious
• It is difficult to quickly detect accessibility
  problems for normal people using their usual
  browser
• An evaluation is needed
• Why is it difficult to detect problems?
• Accessibility implies Design for All
• Even if the site is accessible for one person, it
  may not be for others
• People with disabilities
• Physical or sensory impairments
• Cognitive or language impairments
• Disabling environments (noise, poor lighting...)
• Elderly
• Illiteracy and technological illiteracy
• Technological limitations
• Old or slow devices
• Modern devices

5
Tools for Evaluating Web Accessibility

• Two approaches
• Automatic evaluation
• Cynthia Says (English)
• TAW (English Spanish)
• WebXACT (English)
• Manual evaluation
• HERA 1 (English, Spanish, French)

6
Tools for Evaluating Web Accessibility

• Automatic evaluation
• Advantages
• Quick and systematic
• A large number of points are evaluated
  simultaneously
• The result can be a global evaluation of Web site
  accessibility
• Disadvantages
• Complex interpretation of results
• Natural language of the tool
• Many points require an additional manual
  evaluation

7
Tools for Evaluating Web Accessibility

• Manual evaluation
• Advantages
• Problems are better understood
• It is the only way to check some points
• It is easy to quickly detect the main
  accessibility issues
• Disadvantages
• More effort and time is required
• More tools and different configurations are
  needed
• Some points require the evaluators personal
  judgement
• The evaluator must be better acquainted with
  accessibility problems
• Some issues are difficult to simulate
• Some accessibility issues may not be detected

8
Tools for Evaluating Web Accessibility

• Tools comparison

9
Web Accessibility Evaluation

• Main goal of Web accessibility evaluation tools
• To guide the user through the inspection,
  emphasising what should be investigated for each
  of the accessibility checkpoints
• The inspector conducts the evaluation, guided and
  helped by the tool, making it easier to make
  decisions
• Users can learn to develop accessible Web sites
  and to apply their own criteria in inspecting Web
  accessibility

10
HERA 1

• On-line tool from 2003
• Support for the manual evaluation of the
  accessibility of Web pages
• HERA
• Hojas de Estilo para la Revisión de la
  Accesibilidad
• Style Sheets for the Evaluation of
  Accessibility
• Used a set of CSS to identify and highlight
  specific elements of a Web page
• The Web pages source code was not modified,
  except for including a reference to the required
  style sheet for each checkpoint

11
HERA 1

• Weakness
• Most browsers do not support CSS 2
• Only Opera fully rendered the elements used
• Efficiency
• A complete manual evaluation of the accessibility
  of a Web page takes a considerable amount of time
• An evaluator using HERA 1 had to manually
  evaluate each of the 65 checkpoints of the WCAG
  1.0
• Strengths
• Minimise the need
• to inspect the source code
• to directly evaluate checkpoints in the original
  presentation
• Positive feedback received from users
• Valuable tool for educational purposes

12
HERA 2

• On-line tool from 2005
• Support for the semi-manual evaluation of the
  accessibility of Web pages
• Uses PHP
• Generates a new version of the analysed page
  containing new elements that provide the
  information needed by the evaluator
• Available in 4 languages and it is being
  translated into a few more

13
HERA 1

• HERA 1 architecture overview

Initial Form
Help on Checkpoints
Instructions for Evaluation
Manual Evaluation Process
Page View with CSS
Code View
Evaluation Results
Report Generation
14
HERA 2

• HERA 2 architecture overview

Initial Form
Result Summary
Help on Checkpoints
Automated Preliminary Analysis
Instructions for Evaluation
Manual Evaluation Process
Page View with CSS
Modified Page View
Code View
Evaluation Results
Report Generation
Report Generation
15
HERA 2 Modules

• Initial Form
• The URL to be evaluated is typed

16
HERA 2 Modules

• Automatic Preliminary Analysis
• HERA inspects the Web page and automatically
  assigns a value for each of the 65 checkpoints
• Pass the Web page conforms to the checkpoint
• Fail the Web page does not conform to the
  checkpoint
• Not applicable the checkpoint is not applicable
  to the analysed Web page
• Needs checking the tool cannot decide and the
  user is requested to manually evaluate the
  checkpoint

17
HERA 2 Modules

• Manual Evaluation Analysis
• The evaluator has to proceed with manual
  evaluation
• Different navigation strategies
• Users receive support from the other HERA
  modules

18
HERA 2 Modules

• Summary of Results
• Some general information and statistics
• A table with the summary of the checkpoint
  evaluation results
• Shows, for each priority level, the number of
  checkpoints that require manual evaluation, that
  have passed, that have failed and that are not
  applicable

19
HERA 2 Modules

• Help on Checkpoints
• Provides help about the meaning of each of the
  checkpoints
• Gives the full text of the checkpoint that is
  being checked
• Gives an additional explanation of the checkpoint

20
HERA 2 Modules

• Instructions for Evaluation
• Additional information about the checkpoint goal
• Techniques for checkpoint evaluation
• Techniques for a correct implementation of the
  checkpoint

21
HERA 2 Modules

• Modified Page View
• HERA 1 used just specially designed CSS
• HERA 2 generates a modified view of a page
• Used to highlight with boxes, colours and icons
  the elements that have to be analysed
• This minimises the need to examine the source
  code of the Web page

22
HERA 2 Modules

• Code View
• HERA can also show the source code of the page,
  highlighting the items which should be evaluated
• Facilitates the identification of the parts of
  the source code that require additional
  inspection or modification

23
HERA 2 Modules

• Evaluation Results
• Can store the evaluation results for further
  reference
• Uses forms where the user should reflect
• The result of each checkpoint evaluation
• Comments explaining the rationale of the final
  result or anything else that may be of interest

24
HERA 2 Modules

• Report Generation
• HERA 2 provides an enhanced and customizable
  report generation module
• Contextual information can be provided
• Users can choose which checkpoints will appear in
  the report
• The report includes
• The information provided by the evaluator
• The evaluation results (including comments) for
  each of the checkpoints
• The report can be generated in three formats
• HTML
• PDF
• RDF

25
HERA 2 Modules

• Report Generation

26
Conclusions

• A beta version of HERA 2 has recently been
  released
• The feedback received has been extremely positive
• Users of HERA 1 have found that the new version
  reduces the required time to perform the
  evaluation of a Web page thanks to the new
  automated preliminary analysis it offers

27
Conclusions

• HERA 2 works with any browser
• Both the Sidar Foundation and the Technical
  University of Madrid are using HERA 2 in their
  Web accessibility courses with very encouraging
  results

28
Future Work

• There is a need for a downloadable executable
  version of HERA
• This would enable the evaluation of local Web
  pages and the evaluation of whole Web sites
• This version should have an accessible user
  interface conforming to the Spanish standard UNE
  139802 and to the International Technical
  Specification ISO TS 16071 on software
  accessibility

29
Future Work

• Usually the evaluation of complex Web sites is
  performed by groups of evaluators
• HERA should provide support for the coordination
  and communication between them
• There is a need for a client/server version of
  HERA for workgroups, with the clients performing
  the evaluation and the server storing the results

30
Future Work

• HERA is an on-going open source project
• It is open to world-wide collaboration
• HERA is a free on-line tool
• The SIDAR Foundation makes this tool freely
  available to designers, developers and the
  community to help with the translation, testing
  and subsequent improvement of accessibility on
  the Web ? (in
  Spanish)
• Feel free to use it and to send feedback about
  your experiences (good or bad) ?

http//www.sidar.org
hera_at_sidar.org
http//www.sidar.org/hera
31
10th International Conference on Computers
Helping People with Special Needs Linz,
Austria July 12-14, 2006
Carlos Benavídez José Luis Fuertes Emmanuelle
Gutiérrez Loïc Martínez
http//www.sidar.org/hera