Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration- process by which the
  mitochondria breaks down food molecules (glucose)
  to make ATP
• C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6 H2O
• 2 helper molecules NAD and FAD
• All organisms perform some type of cellular
  respiration
• Aerobic Respiration produces 36 ATP molecules
• Aerobic processes are the most efficient
• 3 stages glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the
  electron transport chain

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Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration
• Stage 1 - Glycolysis
• series of chemical reactions
• occurs in the cytoplasm
• anaerobic (no oxygen is needed for this stage)
• breaks glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules

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Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration
• Stage 1
• Glycolysis

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Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration
• Pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A
  (acetyl CoA) then enters the Krebs Cycle

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Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration
• Stage 2 The Citric Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle) or
  Krebs Cycle
• acetyl CoA is used
• aerobic process
• occurs in the mitochondria

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Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration
• Stage 2 The Citric Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle) or
  Krebs Cycle

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Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration
• Stage 3 - The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
• occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria
• helper molecules (NADH FADH2) pass energized
  electrons down a series of proteins embedded in
  the membrane the electrons slowly release
  energy the energy is used to make ATP
• the H electron eventually bonds with oxygen to
  form water

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Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration
• Stage 3
• The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

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The Electron Transport Chain
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Cellular Respiration Vs. Photosynthesis

• both use electron carriers (helper molecules)
• both use a cycle of chemical reactions
• both use an electron transport chain to form ATP
• Photosynthesis-
• produces glucose and oxygen
• uses carbon dioxide and water
• Cellular Respiration-
• uses oxygen to break down glucose
• produces carbon dioxide and water
• The Reactions Are Opposites!!!!

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AnaerobicCellular Respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation
• glycolysis produces pyruvic acid which cannot go
  on to the Krebs Cycle because oxygen is not
  available - So, it becomes lactic acid
• the body does this when oxygen is not available
  it causes muscle fatigue

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AnaerobicCellular Respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation

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AnaerobicCellular Respiration

• Alcoholic Fermentation
• yeast cells produce carbon dioxide and ethyl
  alcohol