Immigration

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Immigration
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From a speech by a famous AmericanI agree that
these people are a matter of great concern to us.
I fear that one day, through their mistakes or
ours, great troubles may occur. The ones who
come here are usually the most stupid of their
nation. Few understand
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• our language, so we cannot communicate with them
  through our newspapers. Their priests and
  religious leaders seem to have little influence
  over them. They are not used to freedom and do
  not know how to use it properly

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• And now they are coming to our country in great
  numbers. Few of their children know English.
• Unless the stream of these people can be turned
  away from their country to other countries, they
  will soon outnumber us so that we will not be
  able to save our language or our government.

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• However, I am not in favor of keeping them out
  entirely. All that seems necessary is to
  distribute them more evenly among us and set up
  more schools that teach English. In this way, we
  will preserve the true heritage of our country!

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Who gave this speech???????
Maybe he should have been told to go fly a kite!
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Immigration

• 1870-1920 20 million Europeans arrived in the
  United States.
• Prior to 1890, most came from western and
  northern Europe.
• 1890s More come from southern and eastern
  Europe through golden door in search of the
  American Dream.
• Whats the golden door?

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The New Colossus Not like the brazen giant of
Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from
land to land Here at our sea-washed, sunset
gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch,
whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her
name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows
world-wide welcome her mild eyes command The
air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep
ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With
silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your
huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The
wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send
these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift
my lamp beside the golden door!" - Emma Lazarus
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Immigration

• Let's take a look at a web site with some more
  immigration information.

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Immigration Graphs coming up

• Immigration to the U.S. 1820-2001
• U.S. immigrants by region of birth
• 1960s-1990s
• Foreigners entering and exiting the U.S.
• Fiscal year 2001
• The long-term fiscal impact of one immigrant
• 1996
• U.S. Population by race and ethnic group
• 1970, 2000, and 2050

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Push and Pull Factors

• Push Factor A reason for immigrating from one
  country to another.
• Pull Factor A reason for immigrating to one
  country from another.

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Push and Pull Factors, contd.

• Many came to escape religious persecution. (Push?
  Pull?)
• Many Jews driven out of Russia by pogroms.
• Others left Europe because of rising population.
  (Push? Pull?)
• Meant less land for farming, and also more
  competition for industry jobs. Jobs in the
  America were supposed to be plentiful (Push?
  Pull?).

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Push and Pull Factors, contd.

• Many in Europe, especially France, Germany, and
  Italy, sought more independent lives after
  becoming caught up in the spirit of reform and
  revolt. (Push? Pull?)
• Chinese immigrants came to build the railroad and
  seek gold after it was discovered in 1848. (Push?
  Pull?)
• California Gold Rush

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Push and Pull Factors, contd.

• 1880-1920 West Indies (Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto
  Rico, etc.) send 260,000 because of job scarcity
  in their countries. (Push? Pull?)
• Mexicans came to seek jobs and also escape
  political turmoil. (Push? Pull?)
• Socan there be a combination of push and pull
  factors that contribute?

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Give examples of Northern and Western European
nations Why were Eastern and Southern European
nations so low?
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Give examples of Eastern and Southern European
nations What regions saw a decline?
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Welcome Home!

• Trip across Atlantic by steamship 1 week.
• Crossing the Pacific from Asia took 3 weeks.
• Many traveled in cargo holds below ships
  waterline and shared immensely crowded quarters.
• Disease spread easily.

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Welcome Home!Ellis Island

• Arrived from Atlantic to Ellis Island.
• After initial joy, many felt loneliness,
  homesickness, and anxiety of not knowing whether
  or not theyd be admitted to the U.S.
• 20 detained for one day before being inspected,
  but only 2 were forced out.
• Had to pass a physical examination, then a
  government inspector checked if people could read
  in their own language and were able to work.
• Also had to have 25 or more on them.

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Welcome Home!Ellis Islandcontd.

• 1892-1943 Ellis Island was chief immigration
  station in the U.S.
• More than 16 million immigrants passed through
  it.

Boat view of Ellis Island 1906 Cross your
fingers!!!
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Welcome Home!Angel Island

• West coast equivalent to Ellis Island.
• Located in San Francisco Bay.
• Much more stringent requirements and detainment.
• Chinese often housed like prisoners, so revolt in
  1919.
• WHY WAS ANGEL ISLAND DIFFERENT THAN ELLIS
  ISLAND?????

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Welcome Home! Culture Shock

• Culture Shock Confusion and anxiety resulting
  from immersion in a culture whose ways of
  thinking and acting are not understood.
• Many immigrants had stuff stolen from con men
  taking advantage of them.
• In response to culture shock, many sought out
  people with similar cultures and VOILA!!! We have
  enclaves!!

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Difficulties

• United States traditionally known as the great
  Melting Pot/Salad Bowl.
• Which do you think is more accurate? Salad Bowl
  or Melting Pot?
• However, some refused to melt into the pot and
  held fast to their customs.
• This caused much resentment among natives.

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Nativism

• Favors natural born or 1st wave immigrants
• 1880s wanted to restrict immigration
• 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act bans entry to all
  Chinese except students, teachers, merchants,
  tourists, and government officials.
• Here, come help us build railroads, and then
  well keep the rest of you out!!
• Teach only American culture in schools
• Wanted to establish literacy tests for entry
  targeted 2nd wave of immigrants
• But really, how much do native Americans
  actually know about American Government?
• Take a look at this JayWalking clip about the
  Supreme Court

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Nativism, contd.

• Examples of Nativism include
• Chinese Exclusion Act
• Gentlemens Agreement
• Immigration Quotas
• What are these?

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The Gentlemens Agreement

• Fears that led to anti-Chinese sentiments
  extended to Japanese and other Asians in early
  1900s.
• 1906 San Francisco Board of Education
  segregates all Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans
  into Asian schools.
• Anti-American riots erupt in Japan, which caused
  President Teddy Roosevelt to persuade the San
  Francisco authorities to withdraw the order.
• In exchange, under the Gentlemens Agreement of
  1907-1908, Japans government agreed to limit
  emigration to the U.S.

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Anti-others Attitudes Extend

• Following the Civil War, many African-Americans
  were denied acceptance to white colleges and
  universities.
• Led to emergence of all-black institutions.

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Anti-others Attitudes Extend, contd.

• W.E.B. Du Bois 1895 First African American to
  receive a doctorate from Harvard.
• Encouraged the top 10 of the African-American
  community to engage in liberal education and
  immerse themselves in mainstream American life in
  hope of inclusion.
• Need to have well-educated leaders in the black
  community.
• ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL

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Anti-others Attitudes Extend, contd.

• Booker T. Washington
• Born a slave in Virginia
• Graduated from Hampton Institute
• Sought to have African-Americans acquire useful
  labor skills and, instead, prove their economic
  worth.
• This, he believed, would end racism.

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Anti-others Attitudes Extend, contd.

• Founded Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute,
  which aimed to enable black graduates to teach
  and to do
• Agricultural work
• Domestic work
• Mechanical work
• No race can prosper till it learns that there is
  as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing
  a poem.

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• In 1880 about 72 of the population lived on
  farms. By 1910 that figure was down to 54. Today
  it is about 3.