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Introduction to the British Isles

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Title: Introduction to the British Isles


1
Introduction to the British Isles
  • Media

2
Newspapers
  • Quiz. Complete the following with the help of the
    textbook and your own background knowledge
  • What proportion of British people read
    newspapers?
  • Where and when do British people buy newspapers?
  • Match up the pairs of opposite types of
    newspaper a. broadsheet i. Sunday b.
    national ii. tabloid
  • c. daily iii. Regional
  • 4. What are the differences between quality and
    popular newspapers?
  • 5. One recent change has been the introduction of
    compact newspapers. These are quality papers in
    tabloid format, such as the Independent and the
    Times. What do you think was the most likely
    reason for this development
  • a reduction in production costs
  • the quality papers hope to drive tabloids out of
    the market
  • c. the smaller format is more popular with busy
    modern readers

3
Newspapers
  • Quiz. Complete the following with the help of the
    textbook and your own background knowledge
  • What proportion of British people read
    newspapers? About 80 (according to ODriscoll
    it is now considerably lower in terms of copies
    purchased but this is the figure for the test!)
  • Where and when do British people buy newspapers?
    Typically in the morning, at newsagents
    letterbox delivery organised by the newsagents
    on the streets in larger cities later in the day
    (evening papers late editions)
  • Match up the pairs of opposite types of
    newspaper a. broadsheet i. Sunday b.
    national ii. tabloid
  • c. daily iii. Regional

4
Newspapers
4. What are the differences between quality and
popular newspapers? Generally difference in
topics (more scandal/celebrity-oriented stories
in popular press) difference in language (more
formal in quality papers) much less coverage of
politics and national/international news in
popular newspapers.
5
Newspapers
  • 5. One recent change has been the introduction of
    compact newspapers. These are quality papers in
    tabloid format, such as the Independent and the
    Times. What do you think was the most likely
    reason for this development?
  • a reduction in production costs
  • b. the quality papers hope to drive tabloids out
    of the market
  • c. the smaller format is more popular with busy
    modern readers
  • c is the correct answer here although
    ultimately the production costs may be lower, the
    inital outlay on expensive equipment means that
    costs would take a long time to recoup the
    qualities know that they have no hope of driving
    tabloids out of the market, though they may hope
    to attract some of the middle class readers of
    the Mail and the Express.

6
Newspapers
  • Which newspapers have the highest circulation
    figures?
  • 8. Who is Rupert Murdoch? It is rumoured that he
    managed to persuade Tony Blair to promise the
    British people a referendum on the European
    constitution, even though Blair had previously
    ruled this out. How do you think he is able to be
    so influential?

7
Newspapers
  • 7. Which newspapers have the highest circulation
    figures?
  • The Sun (ca. 3.8 million copies sold daily) and
    its sister (Sunday) paper, the News of the World
    (ca. 5 million sold each Sunday).
  • The highest circulation for a quality is the
    Daily Telegraph. ca. 700 000 daily.

8
Newspapers
  • Other newspapers
  • Tabloids Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Daily
    Express
  • Compact qualitiy newspapers the Times, the
    Independent
  • The Guardian and Observer Berliner format
  • Broadsheets Daily Telegraph, Financial Times,
    Sunday Telegraph, Sunday Times

9
Newspapers
News magazines Private Eye (satiriical
magazine) circulation ca. 250 000 The Economist
- circulationca. 160 000 Prospect, New
Statesman, Spectator (ca. 25 000 each) The Week
10
Newspapers
  • Who is Rupert Murdoch?A media magnate owner of,
    among other things, Fox TV, News International
    (publishers of the Sun, News of the World, the
    Times and the Sunday Times), Random House
    publishers. (He is Australian but his interests
    are worldwide.)
  • It is rumoured that he managed to
    persuade Tony Blair to promise the British people
    a referendum on the European constitution, even
    though Blair had previously ruled this out. How
    do you think he is able to be so influential?
    Anyone, like Murdoch, with so much influence on
    the media can inevitably influence politicians.
    In the case of Blair and the referendum, Murdoch
    had supported Blair in the general election (the
    first time the Sun had encouraged its voters to
    vote Labour) and Blair did not wish to lose this
    support.

11
Newspapers
  • 9. In the 1990s newspapers were criticised for
    intruding into the private lives of celebrities.
    What was the most famous instance? (It was widely
    debated in 1997)
  • Diana, Princess of Wales. The fact that
    paparazzi were trying to photograph her with Dodi
    Fayed at the time of their deaths (though it
    later emerged that the driver of the car had been
    drunk and that Diana, Fayed and the driver had
    not been wearing seatbelts Dianas bodyguard,
    who had been wearing a seatbelt, survived), led
    to calls for curbs on press freedom.

12
Television and Radio
  • What does BBC stand for?
  • How is it funded?
  • What is the reputation of the BBC?
  • What role does the government play in the
    regulation of the BBC?
  • One example of government censorship of the BBC
    involved, for example, TV interviews with Gerry
    Adams in the late 1980s. What happened?
  • What other TV channels exist apart from BBC TV
    and how are they funded?
  • What are some of the most popular TV programmes
    in Britain?

13
Television and Radio
  • What does BBC stand for? British Broadcasting
    Corporation
  • How is it funded? Directly, by the government
    indirectly through the television licence fee.
  • What is the reputation of the BBC? Generally
    positive it has a reputation for producing
    quality programmes, unbiased journalism, and, as
    part of its charter, fulfils an educational
    remit. As well as two national tv channels, 5
    national radio channels (plus digital offerings),
    regional tv and radio and a comprehensive online
    presence (www.bbc.co.uk), it runs the annual
    Proms (Promenade concerts) music festival and a
    number of orchestras, both symphony and light
    orchestras.
  • What role does the government play in the
    regulation of the BBC? The government is
    responsible for the BBC Charter (new charter came
    into effect on 1st January 2007) which outlines
    the rights and responsibilities of the BBC
    (including how much money it receives and how it
    should be spent) it also is responsible for
    appointing the Board of Governors who are
    responsible for the direct oversight of the BBC.

14
Television and Radio
  • One example of government censorship of the BBC
    involved, for example, TV interviews with Gerry
    Adams in the late 1980s. What happened?
  • The government outlawed the transmission of
    interviews on television. The BBC got round this
    by showing Adams but dubbing his voice with that
    of an actor whose accent was as close to Adams
    as the BBC could find. A caption beneath stated
    that, due to government regulations, the voice of
    an actor was being used but that the words spoken
    were those originally spoken by Adams.

15
  • 6. What other TV channels exist apart from BBC TV
    and how are they funded? ITV (made up of a
    number of different independent companies)
    Channel 4, Channel 5. Funded by advertisements.
    However, news on the independent terrestial
    channels is produced by one company, ITN
    (Independent Television News), owned jointly by
    the various companies. In addition, satellite,
    and, to a lesser extent, cable channels are also
    available. As in Germany, some of these are free
    to view, some are subscription channels The
    largest of the companies is Sky another of
    Rupert Murdochs holdings.

16
  • 7. What are some of the most popular TV
    programmes in Britain? Coronation Street (ITV
    soap), Eastenders (BBC soap), Casualty (BBC drama
    series), various reality tv shows such as Big
    Brother and Im a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here!
    Makeover shows such as Groundforce, What Not to
    Wear

Trinny and Susannah from What Not to Wear
17
Focus Media and the Government
  • Gilligan, Kelly and the Hutton Report
  • September 2002 Government produces dossier about
    alleged Iraqi weapons of mass destruction,
    including claim they could be deployed within 45
    minutes
  • May 2003 BBC Today programme's Andrew Gilligan
    broadcasts report of claims that Downing Street
    "sexed up" dossier, with 45 mins claim included
    against intelligence agencies' wishes
  • 10 July 2003Dr David Kelly named as suspected
    source of report as government continues to deny
    the story
  • 17 July 2003 Dr Kelly found dead
  • August 2003 Lord Hutton begins six weeks of
    hearings about the circumstances around Dr
    Kelly's death

18
Media and the Government
  • Gilligan, Kelly and the Hutton Report
  • Huttons conclusions
  • Dr Kelly probably killed himself because of
    extreme loss of self-esteem and would have seen
    himself as being publicly disgraced
  • Dr Kelly would have felt his job was at risk and
    that his life's work could be undermined
  • Andrew Gilligan's report that Downing Street
    "probably knew" the 45-minute claim in its Iraq
    dossier was wrong was a grave allegation and
    attacked the integrity of the government and the
    Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)
  • It is not possible to reach a definite conclusion
    as to what Dr Kelly said to Mr Gilligan
  • Satisfied Dr Kelly did not say to Mr Gilligan
    that the government knew the 45-minute claim was
    wrong or that intelligence agencies did not
    believe it was necessarily true

19
Media and the Government
  • Gilligan, Kelly and the Hutton Report
  • Huttons conclusions
  • Editorial system at BBC was defective in allowing
    Mr Gilligan's report to go to air without editors
    seeing a script
  • BBC management failed to make an examination of
    Mr Gilligan's notes of the interview with Dr
    Kelly
  • There was a defect in the BBC's management system
    relating to the way complaints were investigated
  • BBC governors failed to investigate Mr Gilligan's
    actions properly

20
Media and the Government
  • Gilligan, Kelly and the Hutton Report
  • Huttons conclusions
  • The Prime Minister's desire to have as compelling
    a dossier as possible may have subconsciously
    influenced the JIC to make the language of the
    dossier stronger than they would otherwise have
    done
  • The JIC and its chairman, John Scarlett, were
    concerned to ensure that the contents of the
    dossier were consistent with the intelligence
    available to the JIC
  • The dossier could be said to be "sexed up" if
    this term is taken to mean it was drafted to make
    the case against Saddam as strong as intelligence
    permitted
  • But in the context of Mr Gilligan's report,
    "sexed up" would be understood to mean the
    dossier was embellished with items of
    intelligence known or believed to be false or
    unreliable. This allegation is unfounded

21
Media and the Government
  • Gilligan, Kelly and the Hutton Report
  • Huttons conclusions
  • There was no underhand government strategy to
    name Dr Kelly
  • It was necessary to have Dr Kelly before the
    foreign affairs committee The MoD was at fault in
    the way it dealt with Dr Kelly once his name was
    made public
  • MoD failed to tell Dr Kelly his name would be
    made public
  • Dr Kelly's exposure to press interest was only
    one of the issues putting him under stress

22
The Guardian, September 19, 2003
23
Media and the Government
  • Further fallout
  • resignation of Gavyn Davies, the Chairman of the
    BBC Board of Governors the BBC Director-General
    Greg Dyke (whose resignation was greeted by mass
    protests by BBC staff) the journalist at the
    centre of the dispute, Andrew Gilligan
  • Hands off the Beeb! campaign
  • Widespread claims that political interviewers
    were being forced to dumb down and be less
    aggressive when dealing with members of the
    government
  • Review of the BBC Charter (at that time in
    progress)
  • New Charter came into effect on 1st January, 2007
    Board of Governors abolished and replaced by
    BBC Trust which is independent of BBC Management.
    Main other change the BBC must demonstrate
    public value for everything (including online
    offerings) it produces
  • Hutton widely regarded as a whitewash
    immediately followed by Butler inquiry on
    intelligence leading up to Iraq war

24
Leisure activities
  • Gardening, DIY
  • Sports football
  • rugby
  • cricket
  • golf
  • fitness centres

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29
Leisure activities
  • Theatres
  • Concerts
  • Museums
  • Art galleries

Barbican Arts Centre, London
30
Tate Britain (formerly the Tate Gallery)
Tate Modern opened 2000 Formerly Bankside Power
Station
31
Festivals
  • Proms
  • BBC Promenade Concerts
  • Founded by Sir Henry Wood
  • 2006 73 concerts from July 14th September 9th

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33
Festivals
  • Edinburgh Festival
  • International Arts Festival founded 1947
  • Tattoo
  • Fringe festival
  • Jazz festival
  • Film festival
  • Book festival

34
Festivals
  • Hay-on-Wye Guardian Hay Festival May/June
  • Largest literature festival in Europe
  • Town population ca. 1900
  • Number of bookshops 39

35
Notting Hill Carnival
  • Largest street festival in the world, apart from
    Mardi Gras in Rio
  • August Bank Holiday Weekend

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Holidays
Traditional seaside holidays Brighton (Prince
Regent) Blackpool Scotland Glasgow Fair -
Doon the Water to Helensburgh, Largs
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