Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Diptera

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Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Diptera

• a bioinformatics project on
• by Corey Hryc

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my taxa

• The following taxa will be studied an compared to
  other species to determine if they are
  monophyletic
• Brachycera (suborder of Diptera (fly), a type of
  insect)
• example - horse fly
• Nematocera (suborder of Diptera (fly), a type of
  insect)
• example - mosquito

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Phylogenetic Views

• Doing a general taxonomy NCBI search produces the
  following results.
• Diptera can be divided into two subgroups
• Brachycera
• Nematocera

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Previous Literature

• Analysis of Bernasconis paper on relationships
  of Diptera based on Mitochondrial DNA sequences
• Mitochondrial DNA is a good molecular marker in
  wide range of taxa.
• At a high taxa level there is a seperation
  between Nematocera and Brachycera.
• Used rooted NJ tree, bootstrap values for 1000
  replicates. Also used MP method to reconstruct
  trees.
• Mega used to align sequences

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Previous Literature II

• Oliveiras paper discusses the evolution of the
  mitochondrial genome
• Studied Haematobia irritans which has similar
  organization and stucture to Brachycera
• mtDNA gene order of Brachycera differs from that
  of Nematocera by the inversion of trnS.
• Condensed NJ tree, 5000 bootstrap replicates

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Previous Literature III

• Yeates paper Congruence and Controversy
  discusses mistakes that previous literature has
  made when classifying Diptera
• Diptera is species-rich and has diverse clades
• Claims Nematocera (lower diptera) is paraphyletic
  with brachycera
• Brachycera are undoubtedly monophyletic but
  relationships between basal lineages of this
  group are poorly understood.

Recent hypothesis of relationships of lower
Diptera (Nematocera).
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Questions to Research

• Are Nematocera monophyletic (no previous studies
  have stated this)?
• How do other spices relate to the two taxa?
• Are the two taxa paraphyletic with respect to
  eachother?

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Works cited

• Bernasconi MV, Valsangiacomo C, Piffaretti J.-C.,
  and Ward PI. "Phylogenetic relationships among
  Muscodiea (Diptera Calyptratae) based on
  mitochondrial DNA sequences." Insect Molecular
  Biology 9.1 (2000) 67-74.
• Olivera MT, Barau JG, Martins Junqueria AC, et
  al. "Structure and evolution of the mitochondrial
  genomes of Haematobia irritan and Stomoxys
  calcitrans The muscidae (Diptera Calyptratae)
  perspective." Molecular Phylogenetics and
  Evolution 48 (2008) 850-857.
• Yeates DK, Wiegmann BM. "Congruence and
  Controversy Toward a Higher-Level Phylogeny of
  Diptera." Annual Reviews Entomol. 44 (1999)
  397-428.