Placenta

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Maternal Adrenal
Placenta
Fetal Adrenal
sulfatase
DHEA-Sulfate
DHEA
a
DHEA-Sulfate
Androstenedione
b
Estrone (3b-OH)
Fetal Liver
c
16a-OH-DHEA-Sulfate
Estradiol (3b17b-OH
sulfatase
16a-OH-DHEA-Sulfate
a
b
c
Estriol (3b17b16a-OH
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TERATOGENS From the Greek word tera,
meaning monster A physical or chemical
agent that causes or increases the occurance
of a physical defect to a developing embryo.
Typically an environmental (usually maternal)
effect. Often not genetic, but individuals
may have a genetically determined
susceptibility. Often associated with
critical period.
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Human Teratogens
Tranquilziers - chlorpromazine, meprobamate,
reserpine Sulfonamides - sulfanilamide,
sulfathiazole Barbituates - sodium
barbital, phenobarbital Anti-nausea -
thalidomide Synthetic hormones -
diethylstilbestrol (DES) Alcohol - fetal
alcohol syndrome links Anti-acne -
Accutane
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Thalidamide Treatment of Rats During Gestation
Thalidamide
conception
Birth (day 20)
day 10
day 12
Limb Deformities
No Effect
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Critical Period
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Meiosis I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
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Nondisjunction
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1
1
-1
-1
-1
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Trisomy 21
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Inversions
Pericentric
Paracentric
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Translocations
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TDF Translocation
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2 - 3 billion/year to treat congenital anomalies
in US