Top Carnivore Friend or Foe

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Top Carnivore - Friend or Foe
Review where we are in the course Link to
Wednesday lecture Exponential vs. linear
growth Explore Top Carnivore Friend or
Foe Food chains Food Webs Bioaccumulation Comp
etitor or friend of conservation Readings
Yellowstone Story Lecture on Conservation Concep
t of Shrinking Expectations
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Course Context
Population ( people)
Air Resources Water Resources
Earth Systems Biosphere Hydrosphere
Lithosphere Atmosphere
Ecosystem Resources e.g., forests
I. P.A.T.
Other (Non- Renewable) Resources e.g., oil
Affluence (GDP/person) Technology (tons CO2/GDP)

• Very simple diagram

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Yorams Final Two StatementsI am a technology
realistThat is why I think a carbon tax is
needed

• Vehicle fuel efficiency is target of proposed tax
• Cars blamed for global warming Eyman fires back
• By BRIAN SLODYSKO
• P-I REPORTER
• February 7, 2008
• OLYMPIA -- Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels and Sen. Ed
  Murray, D-Seattle, want car owners to warm to the
  inconvenient truth of cutting vehicle emissions.

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Pick an option for your summer job (50 days)

• 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, etc.
• 100.00, 100.00, 100.00, 100.00

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Outcome

• Day 20 Penny person 10,486 (5243)
• Day 50 11.259 trillion dollars

• Day 20 100 person 2000 (100)

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(No Transcript)
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Linear vs. exponential growth (or decay)

• Exponential Nt Noekt
• No - initial quantity
• t - time
• Nt - quantity after time to
• k - constant
• e - exponential function (e is the base of the
  natural log)
• Linear Nt N0t

http//lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/mmp/applist/decay
/decay.htm
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Illustration/Reference
With each time interval Linear increases by 2
( 2) Exponential doubles (2)
Population Growth Has been exponential Populatio
n Growth is a function of a number of parameters
http//www.watersfoundation.org/index.cfm?fuseacti
onhome.main
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The parable of the lily pond

• If lilies growing in a pond double every day, and
  on the 100th day they cover the whole pond, on
  what day do they cover half of the pond?

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The parable of the lily pond a test

• If lilies growing in a pond double every day, and
  on the 100th day they cover the whole pond, on
  what day do they cover half of the pond?

• 99th day

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Food Chains, Food Webs, Trophic Levels,
Bioaccumulation

• Obey 1st 2nd laws of Thermodynamics
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed only its
  form can change.
• Conversion of energy is inefficient
• Main source of energy is the sun.
• Role of biogeochemical cycles.

http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/F/FoodChains.html
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Trophic Pyramid
Top Carnivores
Omnivores
Herbivores

• Connections between levels chain or web

• Very simple diagram
• 10 rule

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Food Web Example
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Bioaccumulation

• As a consequence of energy flow through a food
  chain (i.e., you must eat a lot!), certain
  compounds can accumulate.

• Examples
• Fat soluble compounds
• DDT
• Tetra-ethyl lead
• Methyl mercury
• Dioxin
• PCBs

160 19 10 8 .00001
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Top Carnivores Friend or Foe
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Foe
Shared space Status Fear Competition
Food Space Example with sea lions
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Which of the following statements is false.

• Wolves were extirpated in 1926
• Beavers returned after wolves returned
• Elk browsing increases aspens willows
• Rivers became incised with elk browsing
• Wolves are carnivores predators

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Impact is a trophic cascade!
http//www.forestry.oregonstate.edu/aspen/
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Visuals
W.J. Ripple photographs, OSU
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Impact is a trophic cascade!
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Zion National Park, Utah
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Summary Top Carnivores

• Exponential vs. linear changes
• First and second laws of thermodynamics
• Energy from the sun
• Biogeochemical Cycles
• Food chains, webs, trophic cascades,
  bioaccumulation
• Foundation for Conservation Biology
• Fundamental changes in how we think!

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Concept of Shrinking Expectations

• Russell Jim