GPS

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GPS

• Fall 2000
• Spring 2001

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What is GPS?

• Constellation of satellites
• Developed by Department of Defense
• Used 24 hrs./day anywhere on Earth

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Where on Earth are We?

• Dead reckoning- direction calculated by last
  position.
• Land-based positioning -Uses radio towers, Must
  have three towers
• Satellite-based positioning-AKA. Global
  positioning system. GPS for short.

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Segments of GPS

• Space- Satellites
• User- Us
• Control- Monitoring stations

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Space

• 24 satellites
• 12,000 miles above Earth
• Orbit twice daily
• Always have at least 4 satellites

In View
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• above horizon
• Each satellite sends receives radio signals
• Radio signals travel 186,000 miles per second
• Satellites equipped with atomic clock for accuracy

In View
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Uses

• Military
• Industrial

• Commercial
• Civilian

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Control location list
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The orbital paths of today's GPS satellites
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A scientists working on a GPS satellite
Satellite Information Name --gt NAVSTAR Man.-gt
Rockwell international Alt. --gt 10,900
Nautical miles Lbs.. --gt 1900 in
orbit Size. --gt 17' with solar panels
extended Orbital R. 12 hr Orbital P. 55
to equatorial plane Planed life 7.5 years
built 11 Block 1 prototype 28 Block 2
prototype Constellation 24 satellites
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triangulation
Data reception/ distribution
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Cars, planes, and boats use GPS to
Navigate. Triangulation is uses by receivers in
the vehicles to pin point position.
Multiple users
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The Pseudo-random code.
GPS systems use a complicated digital code to
record information and send their signal for our
receivers. The advantage is with these codes you
can also make time measurements.
Satellites not only transmit a pseudo-random code
for timing but also transmit a Data Message
about there exact orbital location and their
systems health
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Quick plan a scale that gives you PDOP and Nsats
in order to calculate good data collecting days
and times PDOPpositional dilution of
precision Nsats satellites numbers available
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Satelev/ Satellite Level how high there are in
the sky. During the day
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Any Questions
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GPS Mapping of the Beaver Creek Field Research
Station
Nick P. Denver J.
Fall 2000 Spring 2001
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Nick P.
Computer man
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Denver J.
Mapping Man
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Our plan
To create an GPS accurate map of the field station
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Beaver Creek Field Research Station
400 acres of mapping pleasure
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Some Starting Questions

• What do we need to know about mapping?
• What should we Map?
• When finished how will people use our map?
• What type of data do we need gathered?

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Some Starting Questions

• What kind of equipment do we need?
• How long will it take? Will we be finished by the
  end of the year?
• What efforts shall we undertake to prepare future
  students interested in GPS mapping?

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How we use GPS
1. Look at Quick Plan program to find when the
data collection will be good. 2. Decide what we
want to map. 3. Make a data dictionary for
sorting our data. 4. Begin mapping area in
interest.
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5. When were done we return to school and load
the data in to the computer. 6. After reviewing
the data, we decide whether to remap or
correct. 7. Retrieve internet correction files
from http//www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-test/ufcors2.prl,
to differentially correct data. 8.Export to
ArcView.
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Problems we had
The battery going dead when mapping, Poor data
reception, Weather, School Conflicts, illnesses
Not being able to correct our data
files. Transportation problems during the
winter. Technology problems with computers Among
many others
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Pathfinder Office We use Pathfinder to analyze
correct, export, and delete data. We also set up
data dictionaries which it an organizer for data,
form here we can load and unload data from the
GPS receiver.
ArcView In ArcView we are able to set projections
placing items were they need to be, also can
create good looking maps of what we are doing.
Here we can set specific values for different
features giving them distinction from other data
layers.
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Some of our field work

• Trails/roads
• Fields
• Steam/ponds
• Corner points
• Bird feeders

At the Beavercreek field research station.
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Our First Generation Map of the Beaver Creek
Field Research Station
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Any Questions
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Mapping Deer Trails with GPS by Andy Eklof
and Randy Klatt
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What Vegetation Types Do Deer Prefer?
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Our Hypothesis Deer Prefer Areas Dominated By
Oak, Aspen, and Pine Vegetation.
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Where Did We Get The Background For Our
Hypothesis?
Deer trail abundance suggested a strong
preference for open, aspen, and jack pine
habitats. Lower deer use occurred in oak and red
pine habitats.If the management objective is
to maintain the existing deer habitat
suitability in central Wisconsin, we recommend
maintaining as much of the existing open, aspen,
and jack pine habitats as possible. -Habitat
Relationships of Deer and Ruffed Grouse in
Central Wisconsin John F. Kubisiak and Robert E.
Rolley Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Research Report 176, March 1998
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Deer trail abundance suggested a strong
preference for open, aspen, and jack pine
habitats. Lower deer use occurred in oak and red
pine habitats.If the management objective is
to maintain the existing deer habitat
suitability in central Wisconsin, we recommend
maintaining as much of the existing open, aspen,
and jack pine habitats as possible. -Habitat
Relationships of Deer and Ruffed Grouse in
Central Wisconsin by John F. Kubisiak and Robert
E. Rolley
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Where And When Did We Perform Our Research?
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Air photo of the Beaver Creek Field Research
Station
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How Did We Record The Deer Trails?
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What Did We Do With Our Recorded Data?
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How Did We Know What Vegetation Dominated The
Area Where We Did Our Research?
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What Type of Vegetation Did Deer Prefer?
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What Type of Vegetation Did The Deer Prefer The
Most?
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Travel Distances by Vegetation Type
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To Summarize
Our Findings
Original Hypothesis

• Deer trail abundance suggested a strong
  preference for open, aspen, and jack pine
  habitats. Lower deer use occurred in oak and red
  pine habitats.

• While we found that deer prefer vegetation
  dominated by oak and pine, they also prefer open
  fields surrounded by oak and pine vegetation.

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Any Questions?