1' " Public " and "Public Policy"

1
1. " Public " and "Public Policy"
1.1 Public - Private Concepts
A tension or conflict between what is held to
be "public" and what is "private"
Public Interest, Public Opinion, Public Goods,
Public Law, Public health, public order, Public
Transport, etc

In general - Public Policy - "a sphere or domain
of life which is not private or individual, but
held in COMMON"
2
Public dimension of Human activity that -implies
governmental or or social regulationor
intervention or at least COMMON ACTION
Historical Evolution
shows how Society understands the Relation Public
-Private
- a brief analysis, concentrated mainly after
WWII -
3
Differences between PUBLIC and PRIVATE Sectors
from a clear demarcation to a less linear one
The profit - non profit demarcation line
"In non profit organisations, decisions made by
management are intended to result in
providing the best possible services with
avalable ressources
and success is measured primarly by how well the
services are rendered"
4
Considerable Change in Recenbt years
- The need of a better allocation of ressources -
human and financial
- better management increase transparency
Reforms within the PUBLIC- non profit sectors
to make them more like private - profit sector
A GRADUAL convergence between sectors
5
Caution
In the comparison with the private sector
Private Sector
a direct relationship between commercial
success and the standard of customer service
Public Sector
- the reasons to provide a service, the nature
of that service, the manner in which is delivered
are not dictated by the market
6
- The balance beteen public expectations and the
level of service to be provide
is decided on the BASIS of POLITICAL JUDGEMENTS
about economic and social priorities
Public service functios are execute under
Professional responsability with the highest
standards
7
1.1.1. Frontier between PUBLIC and PRIVAT
Instituttions
-a moving and changeable concept in definition
or execution terms
what is the basis for differentiation
a- In Public Institutions
responsables are nominated or elected -
LEGITIMATED
- In Private Sector
they are chosen by the owners
8
b. Governments are intrusted to have compulsory
rights - TAXES
Not in the Private Sector
Government can do things not open to the Private
Sector
a Dynamic Approach
9
1.1.2. The Public Sector has to do CHOICES
because ressources - natural, human, financia-
are limited
a. What to produce or to do?
allocation of Public Ressources defense,
routes, schools, etc
b. How to produce?
directly - laws, goods, services
i.e. environment laws or taxes on technology
outsourcing - regulation and controls
10
c. To whon?
Distribution and redistribution functions (
transferencies)
d. How choices are done?
-Political differention - recognition
Different Choices can have different impacts on
people ( positive aqnd negative impacts)
Follow up
d1. Knowing which activities
Complexity of organisation, budgeting
11
d2. Understanding and Antecipating the
CONSEQUENCIES
d3. Evaluating Different Alternatives
12
1.2. PUBLIC - PRIVAT GOODS
It has been the real of economists
that analyse the Public-Privat relation through
"goods"
a matter of dispute
a. Characteristics of Public Goods
a1
- it is a good that is available to all
- Pure Public Goods - are produced by the state,
rather than the market
- Pure Private Goods are paid through a price
system
only those who pay for them may consume them
13
a2
- Public Goods are indivisible, available for
all, not excludable
- Private Goods are, by nature exclusive
- Public Goods are paid by taxes or
borrowing their price may be expressed by the
level of taxation