Multisensor Improved SST MISST for GODAE

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Multi-sensor Improved SST (MISST) for GODAE
Part I Chelle Gentemann, Gary Wick Part II Jim
Cummings, Eileen Maturi gentemann_at_remss.com www.mi
sst.org
AQUA AMSR-E MODIS
TRMM TMI
GOES Imager
POES AVHRR
ENVISAT AATSR
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Outline

• Project
• Data
• Enhanced data sets designed for use in analyses
• Observation errors
• Diurnal warming
• Cool skin
• SST analyses
• Impact Studies

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A proposal in 2 parts

• Part 1 Data Production Analysis
• Significant RD component
• Produce an improved Global 10 km NRT SST through
  the combination of observations from
  complementary IR and MW sensors
• Part 2 Impact Assessment
• Demonstrate the impact of these improved SST
  products on operational ocean models, NWP, and
  tropical cyclone intensity forecasting

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MISST L2P SST Data

• NAVOCEANO NOAA-18, NOAA-17
• RSS TMI, AMSR-E orbital
• TMI, AMSR-E gridded
• NOAA GOES-EastWest (MTSAT)
• JPL GDAC MODIS Terra AQUA OBPG / RSMAS
• Successful production of 8 (9) SST L2P datasets
  with time of observation, location, bias,
  standard deviation, .

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MODIS L2P
Flags
SST
Bias
STD
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GOES L2P
SST
AOD
SSI
Wind
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Diurnal Warming

• 2) Parameterization of IR and MW retrieval
  differences, with consideration of diurnal
  warming and cool-skin effects required for
  multi-sensor blending.

3 K
DMSP
0730
1330
0830
0530
24
POES
15
08
TRMM
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Skin effect

• 2) Parameterization of IR and MW retrieval
  differences, with consideration of diurnal
  warming and cool-skin effects required for
  multi-sensor blending.

IR
MW
0.0
Increasing wind speed
SST Skin Bulk (K)
-0.4
?T-0.14-0.3e(-u/3.7)
Depth (mm)
0 5 10 15
wind speed (m/s)
Figure from Donlon, C. J., P. Minnett, C.
Gentemann, T. J. Nightingale, I. J. Barton, B.
Ward and, J. Murray, Towards Improved Validation
of Satellite Sea Surface Skin Temperature
Measurements for Climate Research, J. Climate,
15(4), 353-369, 2002.
Cool skin Magnitude (K)
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SST analyses

• www.misst.org
• US GODAE server
• Navy 9km OI SST www.usgodae.org
• NOAA server
• AVHRR 17/18 GOES E/W 11km OI SST
  www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/index.php
• AVHRRAMSR-E 25km daily OI SST Reynolds
• RSS server
• 25km MW OI SST www.remss.com
• 9km IRMW OI SST www.remss.com
• All data, documentation, and software are freely
  available via ftp http

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Global 10 km NRT SST
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MODISAMSRETMI
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Impact Studies

• 5) Targeted impact assessment of the SST analyses
  on hurricane intensity forecasting, numerical
  data assimilation by ocean models (both national
  and within GODAE), numerical weather prediction,
  and operational ocean forecast models.
• NWP NRL Monterey
• Do merged SSTs improve assimilation of AMSU
  radiances?
• Are L2P errors useful?
• Do multiple satellite SSTs improve NOGAPS
  forecasts?

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NOGAPS TC track

• Although there was no significant difference in
  the track forecast errors overall, there were
  areas where the use of the MISST SST analyses
  resulted in significantly improved NOGAPS TC
  track forecasts

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Impact Studies

• 5) Targeted impact assessment of the SST analyses
  on hurricane intensity forecasting, numerical
  data assimilation by ocean models (both national
  and within GODAE), numerical weather prediction,
  and operational ocean forecast models.
• Hurricane Intensity Forecasting
• Do higher spatial/temporal SSTs improve accuracy
  of intensity forecasting?
• DeMaria(NOAA) evaluate the utility of these new
  merged SSTs in the Statistical Hurricane
  Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS)
• Cione (HRD) evaluate the merged SSTs in his
  developmental inner-core SST algorithm

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NOAA OPC Impact Studies

• Ming Ji, Director of the NCEP Ocean Prediction
  Center (OPC) at NOAA to run impact studies.
• OPC issues 109 daily operational marine forecast
  products including surface analysis and up to
  five-day lead time forecasts of ocean surface
  winds and wave heights for offshore regions
• OPC forecasts serve commercial shipping,
  commercial and recreational fishing communities,
  and to protect life and properties.
• OPC does not have operational SST analysis and
  forecast products at present.

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SHIPS
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Research into CO2 fluxes
PgC/yr
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Impact at operational centers

• NAVOCEANO has benefited from MISST by
• Providing access to multiple SST data sets from
  national and international providers
• Access to more SST data has provided the
  opportunity to assimilate more data into K10,
  MODAS, and NCODA analyses
• K10 now operationally uses AMSR-E data
• NCODA has been designed to assimilate multiple
  data sets, currently it assimilates AVHRR, GOES,
  AMSR-E, AATSR, MSG

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Impact at operational centers

• NOAA NCEP has benefited from MISST by
• MISST development of best-practice
  methodologies to account for diurnal warming and
  cool skin effects
• Development of sensor errors
• AMSR-E assimilation and skin temperature
  determination extensions to the JCSDA CRTM
  (Community Radiative Transfer Model)
• New Reynolds daily 25km AMSR-E AVHRR

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MISST Website
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Links to all data
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Reports
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Thank you!

• www.misst.org