THE CIA

1
THE CIA
2
I. THE BIRTH OF THE CIA

• October 1945 OSS Office of Strategic Services
• 1946 CIG Central Intelligence Group
• 1947 NSC National Security Council and the CIA
• Click to See full text

3
II. ORGANISATION OF THE CIA
4
Director of National Intelligence (DNI)
Ambassador John D. Negroponte
Seal of the United States Director of National
Intelligence
5
A. Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

• Post created after the September 11th attacks,
• April 21th 2005, John Negroponte was confirmed.

B. The CIA Deputy Director

• Assisted by the Deputy Director of the Central
  
  
• Intelligence Agency
• Vice Admiral Albert M. Calland III

6
C. Directorate of Operations

• Clandestine collection of foreign intelligence
• For the overt collection of foreign intelligence

D. Directorate of Science and Technology (DST)

• 5 main functions
• Open-media Acquisition Dissemination
• Technical Collection
• Satellite Technologies
• Technical Support
• Research Development

CIA Headquarters
7
E. Directorate of Intelligence (DI)

• Finished intelligence
• 5 regional offices
• Office of African and Latin American Analysis
• Office of East Asian Analysis
• Office of European Analysis
• Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis
• Office of Slavic and Eurasian Analysis

8

• Four DIs offices focus on particular issues or
  
  
• kinds of analysis
• Office of Resources, Trade and Technology
• Office of Scientific and Weapons Research
• Office of Leadership Analysis
• Office of Imagery Analysis
• Office of Information Resources
• Office of Current Production and Analytic
  Support
  
• Nonproliferation Center
• D. Directorate of Administration
• Provides administrative and technical support
• services

9
III. THE ROLE OF CIA
10
A. Mission

• CIA is dedicated to provide knowledge and take
  action to
  
• ensure the national security of the United States
  and the
  
• preservation of American life and ideals.
• Collecting intelligence that matters.
• Providing relevant, timely, and objective
  all-source analysis.
  
• Conducting covert action at the direction of the
  President to pre-empt threats or achieve United
  States policy objectives.

11
B. The Intelligence Cycle

• The process of developing raw information into
  finished
  
• intelligence for policymakers to use in decision
  making
  
• and action. There are five steps which constitute
  the
  
• Intelligence Cycle
• Planning and Direction
• Collection
• Processing
• All-Source Analysis and Production
• Dissemination

12
C. Historical Operations

• From the 1950s, CIA has tried to limit the spread
  of Soviet
  
• influence around the globe, particularly during
  the Cold War.
  
• The agency undertook covert actions against
  certain leftist
  
• leaders and governments and ensure pro-American
  bodies rule
  
• the states.
• Some example of CIAs covert actions in the
  past
  
• Provide selected pro-American groups some
  supports of money, weapon or human resource.
  
• Sustain propaganda efforts in the mass media
• Encourage and help to plot a coup détat

13
C. Historical Operations

• Operations in Eastern Europ
• Operations in the Third World
• 1970s in Chile against Salvador Allende
• 2002 in Venezuela, the failure of a military coup
  détat against Hugo Chavez
  
• Supports for foreign dictators
• Augusto Pinochet
• Mujahadeen fighters in Afghanistan Osama Bin
  Laden
  

14

• In this never-before-published photograph,
  General Augusto Pinochet (second
  
• from left) and President Salvador Allende (in
  white jacket) are seen on a trip in
  
• northern Chile in the months before the 1973 coup
  that left Allende dead and
  
• Pinochet in command of the government.
• Photograph undacion Salvador Allende.

15
C. Historical Operations

• Operations in Iraq
• Support before the 1990 Iraqis invasion of
  Kuwait
  
• The Iraq War in 2003
• War on terror the oversea system after 9/11
• Internment Interrogation network
• Black-Sites (the covert prison system) in Eastern
  Europe, Afghanistan, Guantánamo Bay and Thailand
  

16
IV. How the CIA is viewed in the US and abroad?
17
A. Renditions

• Rendition to torture," that is the sending
  suspected terrorists to other countries for
  interrogation using "harsh" techniques not
  permitted in the U.S ,
• International pressure against interrogation
  techniques,
  
• Abu Graib prison abuse,
• Guantánamo Bay.

18
A. Renditions

• First authorisation1986 President Reagan
• The agency sent 100 to 150 people to another
  country more lenient on torture for
  interrogation
  
• Criticism from lawmakers and human rights
  organisations.
  

19
B. Geneva Conventions Article 3

• In the case of armed conflict not of an
  international character occurring in the
  territory of one of the High Contracting Parties,
  each party to the conflict shall be bound to
  apply, as a minimum, the following provisions
• 1. Persons taking no active part in the
  hostilities, including
  
• members of armed forces who have laid down
  their arms
  
• and those placed hors de combat by
  sickness, wounds,
  
• detention, or any other cause, shall in
  all circumstances be
  
• treated humanely, without any adverse
  distinction
  
• founded on race, colour, religion or
  faith, sex, birth or
  
• wealth, or any other similar criteria.

20
To this end the following acts are and shall
remain prohibited at any time and in any place
whatsoever with respect to the above-mentioned
persons

• (a) Violence to life and person, in particular
  murder of all kinds,
  
• mutilation, cruel treatment and torture
  
  
• (b) Taking of hostages
• (c) Outrages upon personal dignity, in
  particular,
  
• humiliating and degrading treatment
• (d) The passing of sentences and the carrying out
  of executions
  
• without previous judgment pronounced by
  a regularly
  
• constituted court affording all the
  judicial guarantees which
  
• are recognized as indispensable by
  civilized peoples.
  

21

• 2. The wounded and sick shall be collected and
  cared for
  
• An impartial humanitarian body, such as the
  International Committee of the Red Cross, may
  offer its services to the Parties to the
  conflict.
• The Parties to the conflict should further
  endeavor to bring into force, by means of special
  agreements, all or part of the other provisions
  of the present Convention.
• The application of the preceding provisions shall
  not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
  conflict.
  

22
C. 2003/2004/2005 Operations

• GERMANY December 2003, Khaled Masri
• -a 41-year-old resident of Ulm detained during a
  vacation at the Macedonian border,
  
• -was flown to Kabul,
• -held as a suspected terrorist
• -captors spoke English with an American accent.
  
  
• ITALY February 2003, Abu Omar
• -radical Egyptian cleric kidnapped in Milan,
• -theory that covert agents were behind the
  abduction.
  
• SWEDEN December 2001
• -CIA agents wearing hoods orchestrated the
  seizure of two
  
• Egyptian nationals, flew them on a
  U.S.-registered airplane to Cairo
  
• -tortured in prison.

23
This Gulfstream jet was ordered by a firm that
appeared to be a front company for the CIA,
according to records.
24
D. Possible denial

• One way to really destroy the evidence carried
  by the corpse is to let a nincompoop do the
  autopsy." (Nincompoop is a term for a person who
  publicly displays his ignorance)
• --Anonymous

25

• "The principle of plausible denial is simply if
  an operation or act is later disclosed, for
  example, as an action of the United States
  government, the government can plausibly deny it,
  deny any involvement or connection with the
  action."
• --E. Howard Hunt, ex- CIA operative

26
V. Debate

• With the Guantánamo Bay prison, Abu Graïb
  abuses, the secret prisons in Europe, its
  methods, the use of chemical arms in Fallouja ...
  To what extent can we say that the CIA has become
  a criminal organisation?