INTEGRATED OR SINGLE PUBLIC SERVICE

1
INTEGRATED OR SINGLE PUBLIC SERVICE

• Dr FM LUCKY MATHEBULA
• Mashebu Mathebula Consulting
• mathebula_at_yebo.co.za
• 0828533914

2
when I look towards the future I am fearful of
the long darkness that may await us all. I am
saddened by the human potential we have
squandered. But we here in South Africa have
problems to solve for which the rest of the world
has found no solution. That in itself is a great
challenge
3
THEORY OF GOVERNMENT BUSINESS
NATIONAL INTEREST
4
THEORY OF GOVT BUSINESS
NATIONAL INTEREST
IDEAL
5
POINT OF DEPARTURE
Service
Beneficiaries
6
WHAT IS A PUBLIC SERVICE

• USUALLY REFERS TO SERVICES PROVIDED BY GOVERNMENT
  TO ITS CITIZENS
• EITHER DIRECTLY OR
• INDIRECTLY THROUGH FINANCING PRIVATE PROVISION OF
  SERVICES
• THE THEOREM IS THAT THERE MUST BE A SERVICE AND A
  BENEFICIARY
• WHERE BENEFICIARY DENOTES AN EQUALISATION
  PROCESS FOR CITIZENS IRRESPECTIVE OF INCOME/CLASS
• PUBLIC SERVICE IS A HUMAN ACTIVITY, HENCE IT MUST
  BE REGULATED (NOT CONTROLLED BECAUSE HUMAN BEINGS
  HATE CONTROL BUT HAVE A PROPENSITY TO TOLERATE
  AND LIVE WITHIN A REGULATED ENVIRONMENT )

7
WHAT IS PUBLIC SERVICE cont.

• THE PERSONNEL CORPS EMPLOYED ON TRADITIONAL
  STATE DEPARTMENTS IS KNOWN AS THE PUBLIC SERVICE
• IT ALSO REFERS TO THE PERSONS/ HUMANS/
  INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE DELIVERING THE PUBLIC
  SERVICE
• IT ALSO REFERS TO PERSONS EMPLOYED IN AND BY ALL
  ORGANS OF STATE
• SEC 239 DEFINES AN ORGAN OF STATE AS
• ANY DEPARTMENT OF STATE OR ADMINISTRATION IN THE
  NAT. PROV. LOCAL SPHERES
• ANY FUNCTIONARY OR INSTITUTION-
• EXERCISING A POWER OR PERFORMING A FUNCTION IN
  TERMS OF THE CONSTITUTION OR A PROVINCIAL
  CONSTITUTION
• EXERCISING A PUBLIC POWER OR PERFORMING A PUBLIC
  FUNCTION IN TERMS OF ANY LEGISLATION
• BUT DOES NOT INCLUDE A COURT OR A JUDICIAL OFFICE

8
WHAT IS PUBLIC SERVICE cont.

• A PUBLIC SERVICE IS A REFLECTION OF NATIONAL,
  POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CULTURES AND PAST
  ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PRIORITIES
• INHERENTLY A PUBLIC SERVICE IS SEGMENTED AND WILL
  THUS REFLECT SUB-OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE IN
• POLICY DEVELOPMENT
• POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
• SERVICE DELIVERY
• IT IS A DYNAMIC PROCESS THAT HAS AS A CORE
  CHARACTERISTIC CONSTANT RENEWAL TO SUIT ITS
  ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT ALTERING ITS FORM
  (ILLUSTRATION)

9
(No Transcript)
10
WHAT NORMS THE SA PUBLIC SERVICE

• ITS 100 YEAR CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
• THE FOUNDING PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION
• THE BILL OF RIGHTS
• THE COOPERATIVE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES
• THE VALUES AND PRINCIPLES GOVERNING PUBLIC
  ADMINISTRATION
• ANCESTRALLY THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES THAT
  CONTINUE TO ANCHOR OUR LEGISLATIVE CERTIFICATION
  PROCESSES BY THE CONCOURT

11
WHERE WE COME FROM

• BEFORE 1994 THERE WAS A COUNTRY THAT HAD A PUBLIC
  SERVICE
• THE PROBLEM WAS THAT IT SERVED IN A RACIALLY
  DISCRIMINATING MANNER
• I DONT THINK WE HAVE EVER INTERROGATED THE
  FOLLOWING IF IT WAS NOT DISCRIMINATORY
• WOULD WE HAVE LIKED IT
• WOULD IT ANSWER SOME OF THE QUESTIONS WE HAVE
• WOULD IT BE GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE, etc.

12
WHERE WE COME FROM cont.

• SA HAD A CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION ,FOUR PROVINCIAL
  ADMINISTRATIONS WITH 11 OTHER RACE BASED
  ADMINISTRATIONS SOME WERE INDEPENDENT
• THERE WERE MORE THAN 800 MUNICIPAL
  ADMINISTRATIONS
• THERE WERE PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, AGRICULTURAL
  CONTROL BOARDS AND MANY OTHER CONTROL BOARDS
• THE PUBLIC SERVICE WAS THEORETICALLY LARGER THAN
  NOW IF WE COUNT THE INSTITUTIONS THEN AND NOW

13
WHERE WE COME FROM cont.

• THE PUBLIC SERVICE WAS CENTRALLY REGULATED BY
• THE PUBLIC SERVICE ACT
• THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
• THE REMUNERATION OF TOWN CLERKS ACT
• AT THE TIME THE MAXIM WAS
• AN EFFICIENT PUBLIC SERVICE CAN ONLY BE CREATED
  IF THE APPOINTMENT, REMUNERATION, PROMOTION AND
  TERMINATION OF SERVICE OF OFFICIALS IS PROTECTED
  AGAINST THE ARBITRARY DECISION OF POLITICAL
  OFFICE BEARERS
• THE PREDOMINANCE OF THE COMMISSION FOR
  ADMINISTRATION AND LATER THE PSC WITH THE
  INSTITUTE OF TOWN KLERKS PROVIDED SOME SANITY
  INTO THE NORMAL AND ALMOST INEVITABLE COMPETITION
  FOR THE PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION IN THE PUBLIC
  SERVICE

14
PAST CRITICAL DRIVERS OF RSA GOVERNMENT REFORM

• TRANSFORMATION AT ALL COSTS
• IT MUST HAPPEN IN OUR LIFE TIME
• FUTURE GENERATIONS MUST NOT HAVE ANYTHING TO DO
  THEY MUST INHERIT OUR SWEAT (BITTER OR SWEET)
• THERE WAS NOTHING BEFORE 1994
• GOOD POLICIES ARE FOUND OUTSIDE RSA
• NOMADIC POLICY THOUGHT PROCESSES

15
EMERGING CRITICAL DRIVERS OF CORRECTING RSA
GOVERNMENT REFORM

• REDRESS OBLIGATIONS
• NATIONAL INTEREST FOCUS
• GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS
• PRO-POOR BIAS
• SERVICE DELIVERY AT ALL COSTS
• LOCAL/REGIONAL/ PROVINCIALIST GOALS

16
SOUTH AFRICA TODAY
ORGANISED LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PFMA/MFMA INSTITUTIONS /SOEs/MOES
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES/DEPARTMENTS
TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP BODIES
SANRAL
SARCC
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
TRANSNET
PIC.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
CH 9
DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES Category C
METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITIES Category A
DBSA
LOCALS COUNCILS Category B
Etc.
LOCAL MUN
LOCAL MUN
LOCAL MUN
LOCAL MUN
17
WHAT CONSTITUTES THE SA PUBLIC SERVICE

• Staff working in departments and major agencies
  (also called civil service)
• commercial and non-commercial bodies that provide
  services on behalf of the State as
• agencies,
• public hospitals,
• schools,
• defense and
• security services, etc.,
• local government and all its agencies
• Traditional leadership institutions

18
INTERRELATED
DISTINCT
INTERDEPENDENT
19
FROM THE FORGOING...

• SA SERVICE DELIVERY IS HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON
  EFFECTUAL IGR WHERE IGR IS
• the various combinations (vertical, diagonal and
  horizontal in fact 360) of interactions and
  transactions conducted by government officials
  (elected and/or appointed) between and amongst
  spheres of governments and organs of State. The
  framework for such relations and their
  accompanying hierarchic order is defined in
  constitutions and national legislation.
  Intergovernmental relations are defined through
  constitutions, legislations, inter-sphere
  agreements and contracts, legislated and/or
  assigned mandates, cross-border agreements and
  other legally binding instruments. It occurs
  through the flow of information as generated and
  exchanged by elected and appointed government
  officials.

20
THE OBJECTIVES OF IGR

• To improve the quality of intergovernmental
  information and the analysis thereof
• To reconcile policy differences and tensions
  amongst spheres
• To promote co-ordination and co-operation between
  govt policies in multi-jurisdictionally shared
  areas
• To facilitate the achievement of national
  objectives
• To promote the management of the public sector
  and public service

21
IGR UNPACKED

• IGR constitutes in broad terms a negotiation and
  consultation process between governments, aimed
  at harmonising governmental actions and decision
  making
• IGR is a process of interaction which cannot be
  confined to structures
• IGR operates at the interface between what the
  constitution provides and what the practicality
  of the country requires

22
CO-OPERATIVE GOVERNANCE

• An intergovernmental relations approach based on
  a reciprocal obligation to spheres (tiers and/or
  levels) of government to trust, support and
  assist one another in co-ordinating the delivery
  of service to the community. This would include
  a legal, political and moral obligation to inform
  and consult one another as well as co-operating
  and co-ordinating efforts on matters of common
  concern.

23
WHAT IS SHAPING THE SINGLE PUBLIC SERVICE DEBATE

• VARYING INTERPRETATIONS OF THE FOLLOWING
• ONE SOVEREIGN DEMOCRATIC STATE
• GOVERNMENT IS CONSTITUTED AS NATIONAL, PROVINCIAL
  AND LOCAL SPHERES THAT ARE DISTINCTIVE,
  INTERDEPENDENT AND INTERRELATED
• THE NEED FOR VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF SERVICE
  DELIVERY TO COMPLEMENT SPHERE-BASED HORIZONTAL
  INTEGRATION
• MINIMISATION OF DUPLICATION AND BUREAUCRATISATION
  PROCESSES
• DISPARITIES IN CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT
  PARTICULARLY SALARIES

24
WHAT IS SHAPING THE SINGLE PUBLIC SERVICE DEBATE
cont.

• seamless service delivery
• staff mobility
• collective bargaining imperatives and
  interests
• harmonisation of conditions of service
• norms and standards

25
WHAT THE DEBATE SHOULD ALSO ADDRESS

• STRUCTURE OF THE POLITICAL MANDATE SOURCING
  PROCESS
• DECLINE OF ONE PARTY DOMINANCE
• EMERGING DUAL PARTY VOTING PATTERNS
• REGIONAL RIGIDITIES SUCH AS LANGUAGE, RACE, AND
  ETHNICITY
• THE REALITY OF HAVING POLITICAL JURISDICTIONS
  OPERATING ACCORDING TO ELECTORAL MANDATES
• THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURE OF THE SA ECONOMY
• SMALL AND HIGHLY CENTRALISED
• URBAN IN CHARACTER HENCE THE GCR MOMENTUM THAT
  MAY RECONFIGURE PUBLIC SERVICE
• THE INHERENT PROVINCIALISM/ REGIONALISM OF SOUTH
  AFRICANS KHUTSONG /MOUTSE
• THE EMERGING DEFINITIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE PUBLIC
  SERVICE
• THE OWN REVENUE MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY
  MATTERS AS THEY PERTAIN TO PERSONNEL
  ADMINISTRATION AUTONOMY

26
WHAT THE DEBATE SHOULD ALSO ADDRESS

• THE INHERENT FEDERAL CHARACTER OF THE SOUTH
  AFRICAN STATE
• THE RESPONSIVENESS OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE AS A
  PRECONDITION FOR POLITICAL STABILITY
• THE CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS AS REFLECTED IN
• THE 1993 CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES
• SEC 195 OF THE CONSTITUTION
• THE BARGAINING IGR MODEL
• ITS IMPACT ON THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING BALANCE
  OF FORCES AS WELL AS THE INDUSTRY DEFINITION
  CRITERIA OF SAs ORGANISED LABOUR (as an
  industry)

27
SINGLE OR PUBLIC

• SINGLE WOULD REFER TO TAKING CONTROL OF THE WHOLE
  PUBLIC SERVICE
• IT ADVOCATES SAMENESS
• IT SEES THE PUBLIC SERVICE AS A SINGLE UNIT
• NO FRAGMENTATIONS
• UNITARY IN CHARACTER
• VERTICAL POLICY DEPLOYMENT
• SINGLE POLITICAL MANDATE

28
INTEGRATED PUBLIC SERVICE

• public service approach that acknowledges the
  inherent fragmentations of public service as a
  function and public service as a resource. It
  elevates to prominence the service delivery
  identity of the public service by focussing on
  the outcomes of the service delivery process as
  key drivers of any input design process

29
INTEGRATED PUBLIC SERVICE ADVOCATES

• INTERDEPENDENT APPROACH TO GOVERNANCE
• IMPROVED DIALOGUE BETWEEN IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
• REMOVE FRAGMENTATION
• STRATEGIC USE OF NETWORKS ACROSS THE PUBLIC
  SERVICE
• PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT ARE OUTPUT
  ORIENTED
• BUDGETING FRAMEWORKS THAT FACILITATE
  PRIORITISATION
• UNFETTERED MOBILITY OF STAFF (PARTICULARLY THE
  GENERALIST COMPONENT)
• SYSTEM WIDE IDENTITY AND SERVICE DELIVERY
  IDENTITY

30
WHAT OF THE DEBATE

• THE OBJECTIVES OF THE BILL ARE INTEGRATION
  FOCUSSED
• THE CURRENT BILL IS WRONGLY TITLED IT SHOULD
  ACTUALLY BE INTEGRATED PUBLIC SERVICE
• THE BILL DOES ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING
• NEED FOR A STRONG PUBLIC SERVICE NORMS AND
  STANDARDS CENTRE INCREASING THE SCOPE OF DPSA
  AND PSC
• THE PRINCIPLES OF SUBSIDIARITY AS A KEY CONDITION
  FOR OUR CONSTITUTIONAL SUCCESS
• THE CENTRALISATION VERSUS DECENTRALISATION
  CHALLENGE FACING ANY POLICY CONCEPTUALISATION
  PROCESS IN SA
• THE BILL SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO READ AS AN
  INTEGRATED PUBLIC SERVICE CREATION BILL

31
WHAT THE COUNTRY SHOULD CONSIDER

• AVOID AN APPROACH THAT SEEKS TO CREATE THE
  SOLUTION TOMORROW
• ACKNOWLEDGE WHAT HAS BEEN DONE IN THE PAST 100
  YEARS OF OUR STATE FORMATION HISTORY
• THIS ALSO INCLUDES THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS
• INVOLVE THE AVAILABLE TALENT THAT HAS LEFT THE
  SERVICE
• THEY ARE STILL ALIVE
• RE-ESTABLISH LINKS WITH SA BASED PROFESSIONAL
  ASSOCIATIONS AND LET THE DEBATE BE RICHLY
  INFORMED FOR POLITICIANS TO HAVE SA ORIGINATED
  OPTIONS

32
WHAT THE COUNTRY SHOULD CONSIDER

• REINTRODUCE THE REMUNERATION OF TOWN KLERKS ACT
• REDEFINE THE ROLE OF THE EXECUTING AUTHORITY IN
  RELATION TO ORGANISATION DESIGN-
• RECENTRALISE THE FUNCTION WHERE STATE REVENUE
  FUND PAYS
• RECENTRALISE THE NORMING WHERE OWN REVENUE IS
  INVOLVED
• JOIN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SAY WE WAS
  MISTAKEN THAT AND THAT WORKED AND WE WILL
  REINTRODUCE

33
WHAT THE COUNTRY SHOULD CONSIDER

• REINTRODUCE THE REMUNERATION OF TOWN KLERKS ACT
• REDEFINE THE ROLE OF THE EXECUTING AUTHORITY IN
  RELATION TO ORGANISATION DESIGN-
• RECENTRALISE THE FUNCTION WHERE STATE REVENUE
  FUND PAYS
• RECENTRALISE THE NORMING WHERE OWN REVENUE IS
  INVOLVED
• JOIN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SAY WE WAS
  MISTAKEN THAT AND THAT WORKED AND WE WILL
  REINTRODUCE

34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)