Energy Use Management

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Energy Use Management

• Prepared by
• Mahaveer Chand
• Summer Trainee at SRI
• Student of Aravali Institute of Management

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Definitions

• Energy
• The ability to do work
• Use
• The act or practice of employing something
• Management
• Judicious use of means to accomplish an end
• Conservation
• A careful preservation and protection of
  something

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Terminologies

• Alternative Energy
• Energy derived from sources that do not use up
  natural resources or harm the environment
• ERoEI Energy Returned On Energy Invested
• Energy Invested
• In order to acquire, transport, store and use
  energy, it TAKES energy
• Energy Returned
• After you have taken into account all the energy
  used above...HOW MUCH energy do you have left
  with?

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Sources of Energy

• Non-Renewable
• Oil
• Gas
• Coal
• Nuclear

• Renewable
• Wind
• Solar
• Hydel
• Biomass
• Hydrogen
• Geothermal Energy
• Ocean Thermal

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http//energy.cr.usgs.gov/energy/stats_ctry/Stat1.
htmlWProduction
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Comparisons of India's Energy to World and China
Little Green Data Book World Bank
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Oil

• Oil reserves have got a great imbalance, where
  top 20 countries have 975 Billion bbls of
  reserves, rest of the world has 57 Billion bbls
  of reserves
• Oil Demand - World
• 75.99 Mb/d (2001) 81.08 Mb/d (2004)
• Oil Production - World
• 75.22 Mb/d (2001)
• Oil Demand - India
• 2.27 Mb/d (2001) 2.46 Mb/d (2004)

Million Barrels Per Day
http//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0873829.html
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Contd

• Europe-Japan-US consume 12-25 barrels/capita-year,
  McKillop, 2004
• India consume 1.5 barrels/capita-year
• Demand for oil is growing by 1.5 Mb/d per annum -
  World
• ASPO predicts world oil production will peak
  around 2007
• World oil spare capacity has come down to 2 Mb/d
  in 2003 probably the lowest since World War II

Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas
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Contd

• Oil production is declining in Samotlor (Russias
  largest oilfield)
• Production of Norway decreased by 10 in 2005
• UK oil production has decreased by 30 since 1999
• Mexico's super giant Cantrell oilfield is now in
  decline

ASPO
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Contd

• Four OPEC countries has passed peak of which
  Indonesia has become net importer of oil
• All OECD oil exporters has passed peak
• Net increase in oil reserves after the
  explorations and findings of new fields is
  negative since 1980
• Crude oil prices has gone up from 26 per barrel
  in May 2003 to 74 per barrel in May 2006
  (Scarcity Premium 20-30 )

ASPO
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Crude Oil India
(Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent)
TERI Energy Data, Directory and Year Book (TEDDY)
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Natural Gas

• Production 9.5 million boe/day - World (2001)
• The production of natural gas will peak between
  2020 and 2030 - World
• India does not have large gas reserves
• Indias Natural Gas Demand/Production (in MCM)
• 31763 (2004-05) 32205 (2005-06)
• OR
• 0.547 Mboe/day 0.555 Mboe/day

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Natural Gas India
(Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent)
TERI Energy Data, Directory and Year Book (TEDDY)
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Coal

• Over 3,650 million tonnes (Mt) of hard coal were
  produced in 1998 half of which was used for
  electricity generation
• Coal would last for next 80 100 years
• India has a large reserves of coal but of lower
  quality
• Coal has the highest emission of CO2 among all
  fossil fuels

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Coal and Lignite India
(Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent)
TERI Energy Data, Directory and Year Book (TEDDY)
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Consumer wise off take of Coal
(Million Tonnes)
Does not include Meghalaya coal Apr. Dec. 05
http//coal.nic.in/reserve.htm http//coal.nic.i
n/cpddoc.htm
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Nuclear Power

• Carbon emission from nuclear fission is low but
  there are many serious environmental issues which
  do not even have any solution
• Cost of production is low as compared to other
  systems but the capital investment required,
  operation and maintenance expenses are high
• Cost of disposing the radioactive waste after the
  plant closing is tremendous

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Contd

• Radioactive waste produced by nuclear power till
  now is not yet de-commissioned
• Moreover, the production will take at least
  twenty years

Nuclear Energy India
(Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent)
TERI Energy Data, Directory and Year Book (TEDDY)
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Wind

• ERoEI for wind is 80-100
• Construction period is short 2-20 weeks
• No carbon emission, no fuels required, no
  disposal cost and low maintenance
• Energy losses in transmission is as low as 4
  over a distance of 1000 kms. of HVDC
• Overall efficiency is 20-25 with a life of 20-25
  years
• Wind energy grew by 25 for last 10 years
• India has a installed capacity of 4.5 GW while
  the potential is of 45 GW

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Solar

• The average solar radiation in India is 4-7
  kWh/m2/day with 300 clear sunny days in a year
• SWHS 700,000 sq. m installed capacity with a
  potential of 140 million sq. m
• SAHS 5,000 sq. m installed capacity 541,000
  Solar Cookers in use
• Worlds largest solar cooking venue in Tirupati
  (15000 people/day)
• 140 MW Integrated Solar Combined Cycle with a
  solar thermal component of 35 MW power project
  near Jodhpur (first of its kind in India)

http//mnes.nic.in/business20oppertunity/retsot.h
tm
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Biomass

• The energy from plants and plant derived
  materials
• Biomass can be used for fuels, power production
  and products

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Biofuels

• India has 62 million hectares of wasteland1
• Corporate farming can create 15 m new jobs
• Two most common biofuels are Ethanol and
  Biodiesel
• Biofuels can be produced from Palm Oil, Jatropha,
  Rice Husk, Wheat Husk, etc.
• Per hectare Jatropha seed yield which starts from
  the 1 yr. _at_ 500 kg / ha goes up to 6-12 MT/ha/yr
  in 3rd and 4th year2

1http//www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?new
sid8127 2http//www.biodieseltechnologiesindia.co
m./
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Butanol

• Can be produced from corn and other biomass
• One bushel of corn can yield 2.5 gallons of
  butanol with some hydrogen
• It does not produces Sox and Nox so less GHG
• Butanol replaces every single drop of gasoline
  without engine modification
• Hydrocarbon emission-5, CO-Nil, NxOy-63

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Comparison
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Hydrogen

• 2700 times less energy dense than petrol
• Three ways to reduce in size
• Compression
• Liquefaction
• Chemical-combination
• 13 more tankers are required if transported by
  road
• By pipelines, 33 is wasted for a 3000 km. line

http//wolf.readinglitho.co.uk/subpage/hydrogen.ht
mltop
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Geothermal Energy

• Generated by mining the earths heat
• Current electricity generation is about 9000 MW
  of which US produces 1/3rd
• Nearly 400 low to medium enthalpy thermal springs
  exist in India
• Total power generating capacity is estimated to
  be 10,000 MW in India
• This can be best utilize in food production and
  food processing

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

• OTEC is a way to generate electricity using the
  temperature difference of seawater at different
  depth with an overall efficiency of 1 to 3
• India piloted a 1 MW floating OTEC plant near
  Tamil Nadu (working on trial basis)

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ERoEI
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Renewables India
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Energy Conservation

• Energy Saving Devices (ESD) can save up to 40
  energy per day for street lighting
• Replacing incandescent bulb (60W) with compact
  fluorescent bulb (18W) will reduce power
  consumption by 70 (Pay-back 1Yr)
• Using electronic ballasts can increases lamps
  efficiency by 25 and light output by 10-15
• Using Economizer in air conditioners reduces
  power consumption

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Case Study Mother Dairy
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Mother Dairy Corrective Measures Taken

• Water content in ammonia was decreased from 4.5
  to 1 which was consuming more energy resulted in
  consumption reduction of 154249 kWh with an
  investment of Rs. 65,000 only

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Case Study RIL (Refinery Division)

• Reduction in hydrocarbon flaring from 53 to 10
  Tons per day
• Measures Taken
• Installed a skid mounted flare gas recovery
  system
• A Flare Gas Amine Absorber
• Investment of Rs.10.08 cr. with payback period of
  9 months

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World Scenario (2000)
Institute of Energy Economics, Japan December
2000
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World Scenario (2005)
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Energy Guzzlers

• Agriculture
• Transport
• Industries
• Household
• Municipalities

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Agriculture

• One of the largest direct and indirect energy
  consumer

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Thank You