Title: Heat Related Illness
1Heat Related Illness
- Diane King, MS, RD, CSSD, ATC
2What is Heat Illness?
- It is an accumulation of body heat that results
when the bodys ability to cool itself is
overwhelming.
- Body heat increases during exercise naturally and
can cool itself through sweat evaporation.
3Why is Heat Illness a Problem in the South?
- The risk of developing heat illness significantly
increases in hot, humid environmental conditions
because the evaporation of sweat is hindered.
- Exercise in our conditions can cause dehydration
in as little as 30 minutes.
4 Three Levels of Heat Illness
- Heat Cramps
- Heat Exhaustion
- Heat Stroke
5What are Heat Cramps?
- Painful, involuntary muscle spasms that occur
during heavy exercise in hot environments.
Inadequate fluid intake is often the cause.
- Muscles most often affected are your calves,
quads, arms, abdomen and back.
6Heat Cramps First Aid
- Rest and cool down in the shade.
- Drink water or sports drinks. Sip!
- Massage and stretch affected area.
- If cramps do not go away in one hour, call a
doctor.
7Heat Cramps
- Recognition at this point is critical to prevent
further illness.
8What is Heat Exhaustion?
- This is what develops after heat cramps have been
left untreated.
- Symptoms include
- Extreme thirst
- Feeling faint
- Nausea
- Heavy sweating
- Ashen or grey appearance
- Rapid, weak heart beat
- Low blood pressure
- Cool, moist skin
- Low-grade fever
9Heat Exhaustion First Aid
- Get the student out of the sun and into a shady
or air conditioned location.
- Lay the student down with feet up.
- Remove excessive clothing or equipment.
- Drink small amounts of water, often.
- Cool the student by spraying or sponging them off
with cool water.
- Monitor carefully!! Heat exhaustion can
quickly become Heat stroke, when in doubt, call
911.
10What is Heatstroke?
- Like heat cramps and heat exhaustion, Heatstroke
is often caused from heavy work in hot, humid
environments, usually from inadequate fluid
intake. - The difference is thermoregulatory capacity is
exceeded, and extreme metabolic stresses produce
tissue damage, and physiological dysfunction that
can result in death.
11Heatstroke Symptoms
- Dry, hot, red skin
- Rapid heart beat, shallow breathing
- Dizziness, nausea
- Loss of coordination
- Irritability, belligerence
- Seizures
- Coma
- Remember, your heart is a muscle.
12Heatstroke First aid
- CALL 911!!
- While waiting on EMS
- Get the student in a cool place or shade.
- Remove unnecessary clothing and shoes.
- Rapid cooling such as ice towels or ice packs on
neck, groin and head.
- Monitor ABCs
- airway
- breathing
- circulation
13How To Adjust For The Heat Index
- Modifying practice sessions for exercising
adolescents
- WBGT
Restraints on Activities
- F C ________________________________
____
- be alert for signs and symptoms of
heat-related illness in prolonged events
- 75.0 - 78.6 24.0 -25.9 Longer rest
periods in the shade enforce drinking
every 15 minutes
- 79.0 84.0 26.0 29.0 Stop activity of
unacclimatized persons and high-risk
persons limit activities of all others
(disallow long distance races, cut the
duration of other activities) - 85.0 29.0 Cancel all athletic
activities
14Prevention is the key
- Stress to your students they have to come to PE
already hydrated.
- Have water available within arms reach.
- Drink every 15 minutes.
- Take frequent breaks.
- Dress for the weather.
- Coaches- Allow for acclimation.
15Such A Lovely Sight When Its Hot, Cool Em Down
16After exercise
- Fluid replacement
- 20oz. of fluid per pound of weight loss within 2
hours of exercise.
- (Coaches- weigh athletes before and after
practices, when the temperature is above 90
degrees)
- Encourage students to drink water, or sports
drinks, when they are at home and not soft drinks
or tea.
17Water vs. Sports drinks
- Water
- Hydrates, but some believe it washes out
electrolytes.
- Hyponatremia
- Sports Drinks
- Hydrates, but some believe they have too much
sugar that can cause nausea and diarrhea.
- Fast electrolyte replacement.
- Use both!!!
18Early Quick Fixes
- Bananas
- Salty foods
- Sports drinks (not energy drinks)
- Yellow mustard
- Salt or salt substitute
- ALWAYS follow quick fixes with proper
hydration.
19What About MRSA?
- To answer the question what are the symptoms of
MRSA, it is important to understand that most
MRSA symptoms are identical to traditional staph
infection symptoms MRSA is simply a sub-category
of staph infection - Only a professional bacterial culture or
bacterial DNA test can confirm if you have an
MRSA or staph infection.
- MRSA and staph infection are often diagnosed as
causing one of several conditions.
20What About MRSA?
- Staph infection symptoms and signs of MRSA
infection can show up any place on your body but
are more common in the following specific areas
- Areas of clothing friction and irritation, such
as the legs, buttocks and shaving areas and
places where football pads touch the skin
- Sweaty areas like armpits, neck, face, groin and
feet
- Deeper infections like cellulitis are most common
on the arms, hands, lower legs and face.
21Images
22Staph
23MRSA
24What Does MRSA Look Like?
- The most common visible MRSA symptoms are bumps,
pimple-like lumps, or blisters on the skin (these
are also the symptoms of staph aureus infection
in general). - Lumps on the skin are often accompanied by
swelling and reddening of the surrounding skin
area.
- The center of the lump often has a white or
yellow pus filled head, which sometimes drains on
its own.
25What Does MRSA Look Like?
- The lumps are often tender, itchy and warm to the
touch and can become deep sores with increasing
pain and swelling if left unchecked.
- The color of the surrounding skin area is often
red to purple and may begin to spread as the
infection progresses.
- Available on-line at http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hi
p/aresist/ca_mrsa_public.htm
26Is It Really A Big Deal?
- Most MRSA and staph infections are limited to the
skin. However, staph can also enter your
bloodstream and spread to internal organs. More
serious staph infections symptoms that can result
from an internal infection are - Fever
- Chills
- Weakness or fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Rashes
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Nausea
- Acute pain
27Conclusion
- Prevention
- Education
- Early recognition
- Quick response
- Have necessary tools readily available.
-
28Conclusion
- Questions???
- Resources
- www.nata.org/statements/index.htm
- www.nata.org/youthsports/index.htm
- www.ghsa.net/sportsmedicine
- www.gssiweb.org
29NutritionFueling Your Performance
- Diane King, MS, RD, CSSD, ATC
30Know Your Limits For Giving Advice
- Recommendations should be Basic
- Teach them to Avoid Skipping Meals or Snacks
- Fluids Are Important
- Eat Every 3-4 Hours
- When Possible
31Secret To Optimal Performance
- The real secret of effective training is
conditioning your brain to recognize what kind of
foods
- your body
- needs.
32Energy Requirements
- Another Estimate for Active, Male Athletes
- (your body weight x 21) activity
calories/day
- A 200-pound male practicing soccer for 2 hours
can use approximately
- 630 calories a 150-pound athlete can burn about
475 calories
33Myth Buster
- I need extra protein because Im trying to build
muscle
- Theres no such
- thing as to much
- muscle
-
34Pre-Practice Snack Ideas
- CRUNCHY Pretzels, Popcorn, Animal Crackers,
Trail Mix, Granola Bars, Baked Chips
- CHEWY Raisins, Dried Fruit, Bagels, Breakfast
Bars, Rice Krispie Treats
- CREAMY Pudding, Yogurt, Peanut Butter,
Milkshakes
- Juicy Fresh Fruits, Applesauce, Juice Packs,
Jello
35Fast Food
- Plan Ahead For The Days When You Know You Need To
Stop.
- Portion Control and Balanced
- Food Choices Can Be The Key.
- Skip The Empty Calories.
36Recovery Nutrition
- Within the FIRST 30 minutes of
- completing practice.
- Quantity is based on the age
- and size of child.
- Fluids are okay,
- but dont get too full.
- Should include Carbs
- plus Protein
37Recovery Fluids
- Sports Drinks, like Gatorade
- Accelerade
- Chocolate Milk
- Fruit Smoothies
- Fruit Juice
- NOT ENERGY DRINKS
- NOT DILUTED FRUIT JUICES
- NOT SODA
38Recommended Intakes for Kids
- Timing Amount
- 2 hours before 2 cups
- 10-15 minutes before 2 2 ½ cups
- Every 15-20 minutes during ½ - 1 cup
- After Activity 2 cups for every pound
- lost
39Color Scale
- Pale like Lemonade
- Not Dark Like Apple Juice
40Game Day Nutrition
- 2 to 3 hours before event
- Meal should include
- 2/3 high-carbohydrate options for quick energy
- 1/3 lean protein to build and help repair muscle
- Food should be salted to replace sodium lost
through sweating
- Game Day Meal Ideas
41Game Day Nutrition
- If Schedule Does Not Permit Going Home Between
School and Game, Pack Foods Like
- Sports drinks
- Energy bars
- Sub sandwiches
- Snack pack cans of tuna/chicken
- Dried fruit
- Whole fruit
- Crackers and Bagels
42Half-Time Snacks Wont Fix Otherwise Poor Eating
Habits.
- Pure Nutrition?
- Not Always Cool
43Food is Fuel - Summary
- Strategies To Help Maintain Fuel Tanks
- Encourage Athletes to Eat Breakfast Even If It Is
Small.
- Focus On Grab Go Foods.
- Focus on Foods With Protein and Carbohydrate.