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Heat Related Illness

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Title: Heat Related Illness


1
Heat Related Illness
  • Diane King, MS, RD, CSSD, ATC

2
What is Heat Illness?
  • It is an accumulation of body heat that results
    when the bodys ability to cool itself is
    overwhelming.
  • Body heat increases during exercise naturally and
    can cool itself through sweat evaporation.

3
Why is Heat Illness a Problem in the South?
  • The risk of developing heat illness significantly
    increases in hot, humid environmental conditions
    because the evaporation of sweat is hindered.
  • Exercise in our conditions can cause dehydration
    in as little as 30 minutes.

4
Three Levels of Heat Illness
  • Heat Cramps
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Heat Stroke

5
What are Heat Cramps?
  • Painful, involuntary muscle spasms that occur
    during heavy exercise in hot environments.
    Inadequate fluid intake is often the cause.
  • Muscles most often affected are your calves,
    quads, arms, abdomen and back.

6
Heat Cramps First Aid
  • Rest and cool down in the shade.
  • Drink water or sports drinks. Sip!
  • Massage and stretch affected area.
  • If cramps do not go away in one hour, call a
    doctor.

7
Heat Cramps
  • Recognition at this point is critical to prevent
    further illness.

8
What is Heat Exhaustion?
  • This is what develops after heat cramps have been
    left untreated.
  • Symptoms include
  • Extreme thirst
  • Feeling faint
  • Nausea
  • Heavy sweating
  • Ashen or grey appearance
  • Rapid, weak heart beat
  • Low blood pressure
  • Cool, moist skin
  • Low-grade fever

9
Heat Exhaustion First Aid
  • Get the student out of the sun and into a shady
    or air conditioned location.
  • Lay the student down with feet up.
  • Remove excessive clothing or equipment.
  • Drink small amounts of water, often.
  • Cool the student by spraying or sponging them off
    with cool water.
  • Monitor carefully!! Heat exhaustion can
    quickly become Heat stroke, when in doubt, call
    911.

10
What is Heatstroke?
  • Like heat cramps and heat exhaustion, Heatstroke
    is often caused from heavy work in hot, humid
    environments, usually from inadequate fluid
    intake.
  • The difference is thermoregulatory capacity is
    exceeded, and extreme metabolic stresses produce
    tissue damage, and physiological dysfunction that
    can result in death.

11
Heatstroke Symptoms
  • Dry, hot, red skin
  • Rapid heart beat, shallow breathing
  • Dizziness, nausea
  • Loss of coordination
  • Irritability, belligerence
  • Seizures
  • Coma
  • Remember, your heart is a muscle.

12
Heatstroke First aid
  • CALL 911!!
  • While waiting on EMS
  • Get the student in a cool place or shade.
  • Remove unnecessary clothing and shoes.
  • Rapid cooling such as ice towels or ice packs on
    neck, groin and head.
  • Monitor ABCs
  • airway
  • breathing
  • circulation

13
How To Adjust For The Heat Index
  • Modifying practice sessions for exercising
    adolescents
  • WBGT
    Restraints on Activities
  • F C ________________________________
    ____
  • be alert for signs and symptoms of
    heat-related illness in prolonged events
  • 75.0 - 78.6 24.0 -25.9 Longer rest
    periods in the shade enforce drinking
    every 15 minutes
  • 79.0 84.0 26.0 29.0 Stop activity of
    unacclimatized persons and high-risk
    persons limit activities of all others
    (disallow long distance races, cut the
    duration of other activities)
  • 85.0 29.0 Cancel all athletic
    activities

14
Prevention is the key
  • Stress to your students they have to come to PE
    already hydrated.
  • Have water available within arms reach.
  • Drink every 15 minutes.
  • Take frequent breaks.
  • Dress for the weather.
  • Coaches- Allow for acclimation.

15
Such A Lovely Sight When Its Hot, Cool Em Down
16
After exercise
  • Fluid replacement
  • 20oz. of fluid per pound of weight loss within 2
    hours of exercise.
  • (Coaches- weigh athletes before and after
    practices, when the temperature is above 90
    degrees)
  • Encourage students to drink water, or sports
    drinks, when they are at home and not soft drinks
    or tea.

17
Water vs. Sports drinks
  • Water
  • Hydrates, but some believe it washes out
    electrolytes.
  • Hyponatremia
  • Sports Drinks
  • Hydrates, but some believe they have too much
    sugar that can cause nausea and diarrhea.
  • Fast electrolyte replacement.
  • Use both!!!

18
Early Quick Fixes
  • Bananas
  • Salty foods
  • Sports drinks (not energy drinks)
  • Yellow mustard
  • Salt or salt substitute
  • ALWAYS follow quick fixes with proper
    hydration.

19
What About MRSA?
  • To answer the question what are the symptoms of
    MRSA, it is important to understand that most
    MRSA symptoms are identical to traditional staph
    infection symptoms MRSA is simply a sub-category
    of staph infection
  • Only a professional bacterial culture or
    bacterial DNA test can confirm if you have an
    MRSA or staph infection.
  • MRSA and staph infection are often diagnosed as
    causing one of several conditions.

20
What About MRSA?
  • Staph infection symptoms and signs of MRSA
    infection can show up any place on your body but
    are more common in the following specific areas
  • Areas of clothing friction and irritation, such
    as the legs, buttocks and shaving areas and
    places where football pads touch the skin
  • Sweaty areas like armpits, neck, face, groin and
    feet
  • Deeper infections like cellulitis are most common
    on the arms, hands, lower legs and face.

21
Images
  • Cellulitis

22
Staph
  • Clusters

23
MRSA
  • Hand
  • Knee

24
What Does MRSA Look Like?
  • The most common visible MRSA symptoms are bumps,
    pimple-like lumps, or blisters on the skin (these
    are also the symptoms of staph aureus infection
    in general).
  • Lumps on the skin are often accompanied by
    swelling and reddening of the surrounding skin
    area.
  • The center of the lump often has a white or
    yellow pus filled head, which sometimes drains on
    its own.

25
What Does MRSA Look Like?
  • The lumps are often tender, itchy and warm to the
    touch and can become deep sores with increasing
    pain and swelling if left unchecked.
  • The color of the surrounding skin area is often
    red to purple and may begin to spread as the
    infection progresses.
  • Available on-line at http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hi
    p/aresist/ca_mrsa_public.htm

26
Is It Really A Big Deal?
  • Most MRSA and staph infections are limited to the
    skin. However, staph can also enter your
    bloodstream and spread to internal organs. More
    serious staph infections symptoms that can result
    from an internal infection are
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Weakness or fatigue
  • Shortness of breath
  • Rashes
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches
  • Nausea
  • Acute pain

27
Conclusion
  • Prevention
  • Education
  • Early recognition
  • Quick response
  • Have necessary tools readily available.

28
Conclusion
  • Questions???
  • Resources
  • www.nata.org/statements/index.htm
  • www.nata.org/youthsports/index.htm
  • www.ghsa.net/sportsmedicine
  • www.gssiweb.org

29
NutritionFueling Your Performance
  • Diane King, MS, RD, CSSD, ATC

30
Know Your Limits For Giving Advice
  • Recommendations should be Basic
  • Teach them to Avoid Skipping Meals or Snacks
  • Fluids Are Important
  • Eat Every 3-4 Hours
  • When Possible

31
Secret To Optimal Performance
  • The real secret of effective training is
    conditioning your brain to recognize what kind of
    foods
  • your body
  • needs.

32
Energy Requirements
  • Another Estimate for Active, Male Athletes
  • (your body weight x 21) activity
    calories/day
  • A 200-pound male practicing soccer for 2 hours
    can use approximately
  • 630 calories a 150-pound athlete can burn about
    475 calories

33
Myth Buster
  • I need extra protein because Im trying to build
    muscle
  • Theres no such
  • thing as to much
  • muscle

34
Pre-Practice Snack Ideas
  • CRUNCHY Pretzels, Popcorn, Animal Crackers,
    Trail Mix, Granola Bars, Baked Chips
  • CHEWY Raisins, Dried Fruit, Bagels, Breakfast
    Bars, Rice Krispie Treats
  • CREAMY Pudding, Yogurt, Peanut Butter,
    Milkshakes
  • Juicy Fresh Fruits, Applesauce, Juice Packs,
    Jello

35
Fast Food
  • Plan Ahead For The Days When You Know You Need To
    Stop.
  • Portion Control and Balanced
  • Food Choices Can Be The Key.
  • Skip The Empty Calories.

36
Recovery Nutrition
  • Within the FIRST 30 minutes of
  • completing practice.
  • Quantity is based on the age
  • and size of child.
  • Fluids are okay,
  • but dont get too full.
  • Should include Carbs
  • plus Protein

37
Recovery Fluids
  • Sports Drinks, like Gatorade
  • Accelerade
  • Chocolate Milk
  • Fruit Smoothies
  • Fruit Juice
  • NOT ENERGY DRINKS
  • NOT DILUTED FRUIT JUICES
  • NOT SODA

38
Recommended Intakes for Kids
  • Timing Amount
  • 2 hours before 2 cups
  • 10-15 minutes before 2 2 ½ cups
  • Every 15-20 minutes during ½ - 1 cup
  • After Activity 2 cups for every pound
  • lost

39
Color Scale
  • Pale like Lemonade
  • Not Dark Like Apple Juice

40
Game Day Nutrition
  • 2 to 3 hours before event
  • Meal should include
  • 2/3 high-carbohydrate options for quick energy
  • 1/3 lean protein to build and help repair muscle
  • Food should be salted to replace sodium lost
    through sweating
  • Game Day Meal Ideas

41
Game Day Nutrition
  • If Schedule Does Not Permit Going Home Between
    School and Game, Pack Foods Like
  • Sports drinks
  • Energy bars
  • Sub sandwiches
  • Snack pack cans of tuna/chicken
  • Dried fruit
  • Whole fruit
  • Crackers and Bagels

42
Half-Time Snacks Wont Fix Otherwise Poor Eating
Habits.
  • Pure Nutrition?
  • Not Always Cool
  • Pure Evil?
  • Pure Fun

43
Food is Fuel - Summary
  • Strategies To Help Maintain Fuel Tanks
  • Encourage Athletes to Eat Breakfast Even If It Is
    Small.
  • Focus On Grab Go Foods.
  • Focus on Foods With Protein and Carbohydrate.
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