Folds and Faults:

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• Folds and Faults
• Force
• Pressure
• Stress
• Strain
• Elastic
• Brittle
• Plastic
• ? Rate, Temperature, Pressure, Composition

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Figure 9-3a
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Figure 9-3b
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Figure 9-5a
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Figure 9-5b
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Figure 9-5c
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Figure 9-6a
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Figure 9-6b
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Figure 9-7a
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Figure 9-7b
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Figure 9-8a
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Figure 9-8b
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Figure 9-10d
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Figure 9-11b
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Figure 9-31
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Figure 9-11a
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Figure 9-13a
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Jointing cracking with no movement
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Figure 9-15b
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Faulting cracking with movement
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Strike Dip
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Strike, Dip Slip
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San Andreas Fault, CA
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Figure 9-19b
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Izmit, Turkey, 1999 (Anatolian Fault)
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Normal Fault
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Figure 9-22a
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Figure 9-23
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Izmit, Turkey, 1999 (Anatolian Fault)
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Figure 9-24a
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Figure 9-24b
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Figure 9-24c
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Figure 9-25b
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Figure 9-25a
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Reverse Fault Thrust Fault
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Figure 9-26
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Figure 9-28
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Highlight 9-2a
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Highlight 9-2b
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Venus
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Europa
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Mars Valles Marineris
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Mars Valles Marineris
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Example of a seismogram
Magnitudes are based on the amplitudes of the
waves.
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Body Waves (P, S)
Surface Waves
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The Moho makes a strong seismic reflection and
refraction
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How California used to look
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Seismic reflection profiling gives 3D images of
the crust
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