Translation

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Translation
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• The small ribosomal subunit binds to the 5 end
  of the mRNA
• The first codon at the 5 end of the mRNA is
  always AUG.
• The AUG codon is known as the initiation codon
• In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit finds the
  AUG codon by use of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

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• The Shine-Dalgarno sequence resides 5 10 nts
  upstream of the AUG codon
• The ribosome has three binding sites P
  (peptidyl), A (aminoacyl) and E (exit) sites.
• The tRNA carrying Met binds to the P site.
• The large ribosomal subunit can now bind to the
  mRNA
• The second tRNA now binds to the A site

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• The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyzes the
  formation of peptide bond between the first and
  second amino acids
• A process known as translocation moves amino acid
  from the A site to the P site and the first tRNA
  is moved to the E site for removal

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• Frameshift mutations can occur if there is a
  mutation in the mRNA
• When the ribosome reaches a termination codon
  UAA, UAG or UGA translation stops.
• Termination is facilitated by release factors
• The large and small ribosomal subunits dissociate

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