LINKING MANPRINT TO UNIT TRAINING

1
LINKING MANPRINT TO UNIT TRAINING READINESS
THROUGH MISSION TASKS SYSTEM DESIGN

• Presented By
• Bob Graham, John Snow Jane Ward
• Dynamics Research Corporation

2
OVERVIEW

• Introduction - J. Snow
• Proposed Methodology - J. Snow
• JTIMS Overview - J. Ward
• FCS Study Overview - B. Graham
• MANPRINT Role - J. Snow
• Summary - J. Snow

3
PRESENTATION

• Describe conceptual methodology to link unit
  and system MPT resources to operational mission
  requirements and unit training readiness using
  MANPRINT assessments and supporting analyses.

4
MANPRINT

• Focus
• Increase Combat Readiness through Total Systems
  Approach to Acquisition by
• Ensuring People, Equipment, Systems and Units
  Equally Considered throughout Acquisition Process
  
• Application - Conduct System Assessments/Analyses
  to
• Evaluate MANPRINT Program Status vs Conceptual
  System Design, Operation and Logistic
  Requirements
• Supported by Proven Analytic Methods/Tools

5
MANPRINT (Continued)

• Todays Acquisition-based Application
• New and Modernized Army Systems
• System Operations and Logistics Concepts
• Address Proposed MANPRINT Goals/Risks/Issues
• Future Performance-based Application
• Add Mission Essential Tasks
• Add Operational Training Events
• Add Fielded Systems and Operational Units
• Add Readiness-based Tool and Assessments
• Address MANPRINT-based Performance Issues

6
METHODOLOGY CONCEPT
7
UNIT-SYSTEM MANPRINT METHODOLOGY USING JTIMS
OPERATIONAL MISSION HIERARCHY (REQUIREMENTS)
UNIT TRAINING PLAN (PLANS)
UNIT TRAINING EVENTS (EXECUTION)
RESOURCES
REQUIREMENTS
UJTL
PERSONNEL
CONDITIONS
STRATEGIC NATIONAL STRATEGIC THEATRE OPERATIONAL
TACTICAL LEVELS OF WAR
EQUIPMENT
CONDITIONS
STANDARDS
TRAINING
JTIMS
STANDARDS
FACILITIES
AUTL
SERVICE TACTICAL LEVEL OF WAR DIVISION ABOVE
CONDITIONS
UNIT TRAINING ASSESSMENT (EVALUATION)
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
ARTEP
MPT SHORTFALLS/ ISSUES
UNIT TACTICAL LEVEL OF WAR BDE - PLATOON
CONDITIONS
JTIMS SGCOE/FCS
STANDARDS
LSI/USER
SYSTEM DESIGN IMPACT

• PLATFORM TASKS
• UNIT OF ACTION TASKS

CONDITIONS
STANDARDS
SGCOE - Scenario Generation Common Operating
Environment ( ) Joint Military Training for
Readiness Phases
8
JOINT TRAINING INFORMATION SYSTEM (JTIMS)

• Mission-based, Automated Training Management Tool
  for Combatant Commanders
• Supports DoD Joint Training System (JTS) by
  Providing
• Uniform, Comprehensive and Systemic Assessments
  of Forces Capabilities
• Link Between Operational Missions/Tasks, and Unit
  Mission Performance and Training Readiness

9
MANPRINT ASSESSMENTS WITH JTIMS TOOL
Requirements
Plans
JTIMS Performance-based Missions Requirements
Based on National Military Command
Strategy JTIMS Provides Operational Mission
Thread from Strategic to Tactical Levels of War
Training Plan Driven by JTIMS Missions Mission
Essential Tasks

• Mission Essential Tasks
• Conditions Standards Data

• Create Training Plan for Unit Requirements
• Determine Events for Training
• Establish Conditions Standards for Training

Guidance Provided by Service Commander Using JTIMS
MANPRINT UNIT SYSTEM ASSESSMENTS
Evaluation
Execution
Commander Assesses
Training Conducted by Unit Commanders

• Unit Training Effectiveness

• Unit Readiness

• Identify People, Equipment, Training Resources
• Execute Training Events
• Observe Unit Performance Against Standards

Identify Unit Ability to Meet Standards

• JTIMS Documents
• Unit MANPRINT Equipment Issues

• Remedial MANPRINT Actions, such as
• -- Manpower Quantity, Specialty Grade
  Problems
• MANPRINT Assesses - Unit, System, Force Resources
  Impacts

Service Commander Evaluates Each Event to
Standards in Training Plan
JTIMS Joint Training Information Management
System
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REQUIREMENTS PHASE - MISSION TEMPLATE
HIERARCHICAL LINK OF TASKS TO MISSION ESSENTIAL
TASK LISTS (METLS)
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REQUIREMENTS PHASE - HIERARCHICAL LINKS
SEQUENCING OF TASKS
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REQUIREMENTS PHASE - CONDITIONS CATEGORIES FOR
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
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REQUIREMENTS PHASE - ESTABLISH CONDITIONS FOR
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
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EVALUATION PHASE - OBSERVED ASSESSMENT OF
CONDITIONS
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REQUIREMENTS PHASE - ESTABLISH PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS CRITERION
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EVALUATION PHASE - OBSERVED ASSESSMENT AGAINST
STANDARDS
96
96
96
3
15
80
90
10
y
48
y
90
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JTIMS ASSESSMENT WITH MANPRINT

• JTIMS Training Assessment Process
• Inputs Observations, Evaluations, Lessons
  Learned, Issues
• Output Trained - Partly Trained - Not Trained
• Task Proficiency Assessment (TPA)
• Evaluate Performance of Individual METLs
• Mission Training Assessment (MTA)
• Evaluate Mission Performance - TPAs for All METLs
• MANPRINT Assessment
• Evaluate Unit MANPRINT Performance Deficiencies
• Identify Unit/System MANPRINT Remedial Actions
• Analyze Impacts on MANPRINT Resources

18
DARPA FUTURE COMBAT SYSTEMS (FCS) STUDY

• Objectives
• 1. Develop Baseline Task Lists for FCS Brigade at
  Tactical Platoon Level in Army Objective Force,
  and
• 2. Develop Single Mission Task Thread from FCS
  Unit-/System-level Tactical Tasks to METLs and
  Higher Strategic, National, Theater and Operation
  Levels.
• Result - Extended operational mission hierarchy
  down to Service individual and unit task levels
  for FCS.

19
DARPA FCS STUDY (Continued)

• Initial Phase
• DRC Mission Analysis
• Identified Single Operational Mission Thread from
  Strategic to Tactical Levels Using
• Joint/Army UTLs, Task Conditions and Standards,
  and JTIMS
• Army MTPs/FMs for Individual and Unit Tasks
• Developed 12 Baseline Mission Task Sets
• UTL - Universal Task List
• MTP - Mission Training Plan (ARTEP)
• FM - Field Manual

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DARPA FCS STUDY (Continued)

• Follow-on Phase
• FCS Lead System Integrator to Develop
• System-specific (Platform-level) and Unit Action
  Tasks Based on
• FCS Operations/Logistics Support Concepts
• Emerging Suite of FCS Designs
• Unit Baseline Mission Task Lists
• Result - Tasks aligned to FCS operations (CONOPS)
  and logistics support requirements, and design
  architecture.

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LINKING MANPRINT UNIT TRAINING THROUGH JTIMS

• Approach
• Verify Unit/System MANPRINT (MPT) Performance
  Deficiencies
• Based on Training Evaluations Recorded in JTIMS
• Determine Specific MPT Remedial Actions
• Result of Initial MANPRINT Assessment
• Identify Actual Changes to Unit/System MPT
  Resources through Additional Assessments/Analyses,
  such as
• Proper Mix of Unit Manpower by Quantity,
  Specialty, Grade
• Adequate Amount of System Maintenance Training,
  Etc.

22
MANPRINT (MPT) ANALYSIS

• Employ Supporting MPT Analysis to
• Link MPT Resources to Unit Training Evaluations
  and Mission Performance
• Operational Missions-Tasks-Workloads
• Workload-driven Manpower - Operators, Maintainers
  and Support (OMS) Personnel
• Standard Service Unit Manpower/Staffing
  Procedures and System Planning Factors
• Analyze/Reassess Unit and System MPT Requirements
• Based on Remedial MPT Actions Documented in JTIMS

23
JTIMS DATA WORKLOAD-DRIVEN MANPOWER EXAMPLE

• Assessment Identifies Excessive Mean Time to
  Repair (MTTR) Rate for Engine Component
• Five Times Higher than Normal MTTR
• Doubles Component Maintenance Workload (Maint.
  Ratio) 20 Increase in Annual Engine
  Maintenance Man-Hours (AMMHs) per Occupational
  Specialty Position
• Army MARC Algorithm A x B/C D
• A Unit Equipment Density B Annual MMHs C
  Annual Productive MH Factor D Maintenance
  Positions
• MARC Computation Additional Two Positions per
  Unit
• Force Impact 15 Units x Two/Unit 30
  Maintainers
• MARC - Manpower Requirements Criteria

24
MANPRINT (MPT) ANALYSIS (Continued)

• Use System Design Constructs as Appropriate
• Predecessor - Existing System
• Baseline Comparison System (BCS) - Functional
  System
• Proposed - Future Technology or Modernization
  System
• Consider MANPRINT Methods/Tools with Capabilities
  to Analyze
• System Design Constructs and Alternatives
• Unit and Total Force Requirements
• OS Costs
• Ex. Manpower Requirements Analysis Tool (MRAT)

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MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS TOOL BY MODULE
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MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS TOOL - UNIT
WORKSHEETS, TABLES DATA
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METHODOLOGY CONCEPT WITH MANPRINT ANALYSIS
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UNIT-SYSTEM MANPRINT METHODOLOGY USING JTIMS
OPERATIONAL MISSION HIERARCHY (REQUIREMENTS)
UNIT TRAINING PLAN (PLANS)
UNIT TRAINING EVENTS (EXECUTION)
MANPRINT RESOURCES ANALYSIS
RESOURCES
REQUIREMENTS
UJTL
PERSONNEL
CONDITIONS
STRATEGIC NATIONAL STRATEGIC THEATRE OPERATIONAL
TACTICAL LEVELS OF WAR
EQUIPMENT
CONDITIONS
STANDARDS
TRAINING
JTIMS
STANDARDS
FACILITIES
AUTL
SERVICE TACTICAL LEVEL OF WAR DIVISION ABOVE
CONDITIONS
UNIT TRAINING ASSESSMENT (EVALUATION)
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
ARTEP
MPT SHORTFALLS/ ISSUES
UNIT TACTICAL LEVEL OF WAR BDE - PLATOON
CONDITIONS
JTIMS SGCOE/FCS
STANDARDS
LSI/USER
SYSTEM DESIGN IMPACT

• PLATFORM TASKS
• UNIT OF ACTION TASKS

CONDITIONS
STANDARDS
SGCOE - Scenario Generation Common Operating
Environment ( ) Military Training for
Readiness Phases
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SUMMARY

• Ultimate Measure of Readiness is Mission
  Performance
• Measure of MANPRINT Success Depends on Its Impact
  on Mission Performance
• JTIMS Tool
• Builds Training Plans from Mission/Tasks,
  Documents Execution Resources and Supports
  Missions/Tasks Evaluations Against Conditions and
  Standards
• Is Combatant Commander Training Management Tool
  Having Proven Architecture for Operational
  Performance Assessments Down to Platoon and
  Weapon System Levels

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SUMMARY (Continued)

• Recommendations
• 1. Leverage JTIMS Architecture to
• Evaluate System-level MANPRINT Performance during
  Operational Training
• Assess MANPRINT-related Cost and Resource Impacts
  Resulting from Operational Training
• 2. Enhance Utility of MANPRINT Process via
  Performance-based Methodology by
• Linking MANPRINT to Operational Systems and
  Missions/Tasks through Unit Training Performance
  (Readiness) Evaluations and JTIMS

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BACK-UP
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JTIMS INFORMATION FLOW
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INFORMATION FLOW ACRONYMS

• CMP - Collection Management Plan
• JELC - Joint Event Life Cycle
• EEL - Event Lessons Learned
• MET - Mission Event Task
• METL - Mission Essential Task List
• JMSEL - Joint Master Essential Scenario Event
  List
• MTA - Mission Training Assessments
• SLL - System Lessons Learned
• TA - Training Audience
• TP - Training Plan
• TPA - Training Proficiency Assessments
• TPE - Training Proficiency Evaluations
• TPO - Task Performance Observations

34
JTIMS MULTI-PHASE METHODOLOGY

• Requirements Phase - Perform Mission
  Analysis/Identify Tasks, Select MET/METL
• Planning Phase - Develop Unit Training Plan,
  Identify Audience Objectives, Determine Events
  with Conditions and Standards
• Execution Phase - Approve Training Scenario,
  Develop Collection Plan, Execute/Observe Events
• Assessment Phase - Conduct Training Proficiency
  and Mission Training METL Assessments
• Products - Events/System Lessons-Learned and Unit
  Resource Requirements Shortfalls/Issues

35
UNIVERSAL JOINT TASK LIST (UJTL)

• Key Element of Requirements-based,
  Mission-to-Task Joint Training System (JTS)
• Serves as Common Language and Reference System
  for Mission Requirements
• Contains Task Performance Measures to Develop
  Standards of Performance Consistent with Mission
  Requirements

36
DESIRED PERFORMANCEEXAMPLE

• Perform Task of
• Interdict Enemy Operational Forces/Targets
• To conduct air operations to destroy, neutralize
  or delay enemy.
• Under Conditions of
• Negligible Light, Moderate Personnel Fatigue and
  Moderate Collateral Damage Potential

37
DESIRED PERFORMANCE EXAMPLE (Continued)

• To Standard of
• 3 hours to drop ordnance on target after task
  initiation
• 60 of missions flown achieve desired target
  damage
• lt5 of engagements result in collateral damage
• 80 of ordnance released
• 60 bomb hit assessment

38
OBSERVATIONS ISSUESEXAMPLE

• To Standard of
• 5 (3) hours to drop ordnance on target
• 60 missions achieve desired target damage
• 2 (lt5) engagements with collateral damage
• 80 ordnance released
• 45 (60) bomb hit assessment

39
ASSESSMENT ACTIONSEXAMPLE

• Observations and Assessments
• Personnel Fatigue Impaired Timely Execution
• Slowed bomb movement/aircraft loading process on
  flight deck
• Aircraft late over target
• Bad Weather in Target Area
• Reduced ability to ID targets
• Reduced total number of bombs released/on target

40
ASSESSMENT ACTIONSEXAMPLE (Continued)

• Recommended (Remedial) Actions
• Increase number of flight deck/loading crews
• Increase pilot training under low light
• Develop improved bomb handling equipment and
  procedures
• Develop improved target ID equipment