Kaushlendra Singh

1
POULTRY LITTER AS AN ENERGY SOURCE BUSINESS,
SUSTAINABILITY, RESEARCH, AND TECHNOLOGY

• Kaushlendra Singh
• PhD Student

Department of Biological and Agricultural
Engineering The University of Georgia
2
Presentation Overview

• Background
• The Fibrowatt LLC. and Triple bottom Lines
• Fibrowatts Technology and our Research
• Application of our Research

3
Background

• Thermo-chemical Pathways

Combustion
Gas
Pyrolysis
Bio-oil
Poultry Litter
Char
Synthesis Gas
Gasification
Hydrogen
4
Fibrowatt LLC Assessment Against Economic
Feasibility
Bequest for Future Generations
Natural Capital Not Consumed
Electricity Market Resources Not Consumed
Ecosystem Services
Soil Fertility
Fertilizer Market
Ecological Economics
FIBROWATT LLC
Environmental Economics
Investors
EPA and Government Regulations, fiscal policy
Emissions Electricity
Servicized Economy
Life Cycle Cost (Cradle to Cradle)
Engineering Costing
Classical
Off-The-Wall Economics
5
Fibrowatt LLC Assessment Against Environmental
Benignity
Climate Change
LCA Syndrome
() Natural Land and
Water (Ecological Footprint)
FIBROWATT LLC
() Less Aquatic Eutrofication
() Less Air Emission
() P removal as Fertilizer
Global Material Cycle
() Natural Atmosphere
Biomimicry Strategic
Global Systems Perspective
6
Fibrowatt LLC Assessment Against Social
Legitimacy
Sustainability Asset Management (SAM)
General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS)
Electricity Market Players
General Public
Share Holders
Public Utilities
Poultry Growers
Suppliers
Offices/ Business/ other investment
FIBROWATT LLC
Farmers
UN Global Compact Principle
Down Stream Technologies and Business
Fertilizer Market Players
Equity, Ethics, Governance
Value Chain
7
Our Research
Poultry litter
Screening
Fine fraction
Coarse fraction
Fertilizer
Energy
Ndegwa, P. M .1990. Fractionation of poultry
litter for enhanced utilization and reduction of
environmental pollution. MS thesis. Clarke, GA
The University of Georgia, Department of
Biological and Agricultural Engineering.
8
(No Transcript)
9
Results and Discussion
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF POULTRY LITTER FRACTIONS
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and
Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis
Peng, W., Q. Wu, P. Tu, and N. Zhao. 2001.
Pyrolytic characteristics of microalgae as
renewable energy source determined by
thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresource
Technology 80 1-7.
10
Key Results

• The coarse fraction is an excellent source of
  energy due to its high heating value and volatile
  content and low ash content.
• The pyrolysis of the coarse fraction should be
  carried out at the peak temperature of 350 to
  400C to make it feasible.
• High protein and mineral content of the fine
  fraction makes it a suitable fertilizer source.
• The pyrolysis process results in high quality
  energy products.

Singh, K., E. W. Tollner, M. Risse, K. C. Das,
J. Worley. 2007b. High quality bio-energy
products entropy analysis of pyrolysis.
Unpublished data. Athens, GA The University of
Georgia.
11
Our Technology
Stack
Fertilizer
Mainly Steam
Fuel Reception
Biomass Arrives in Covered Trucks
Ash Hall
Bag House
Fly Ash
Ash Treated for Sale
Dust, Acid, and Gas Removed
Fuel Hall
Fuel Treated and Conditioned
Fine Fraction
Grate Ash
Bio-oil
Pyrolysis
Fractionation
Furnace
Char, Gases
Heat coarse fraction up to 400 C
Combustion at over 1,500 C
Screening
Turbine
Condenser
Boiler
Steam Cooled Back to Water
Electricity Generated
High Pressure Steam at 850 F
Electricity
Recycled Steam
12
Acknowledgements
Dr. Mark Risse
K. Singh
Dr. John Worley
Dr. Sid Thompson
Dr. K.C. Das
Jim Palmer, EPA
13
Thats All Folks !!!!
Suggestions!!!!!!!!
14
Experimental Procedure
Compositional Analysis
Proximate Analysis
Sampling
Bomb Calorimeter Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Drying _at_ 45C, 24 hrs
Grinding, 1 mm
Storage
TGA Analysis
DSC Analysis
Screening
Ultimate Analysis
15
Background and Justification

• Economics of Poultry Litter fuel

• A typical farm (100k head/year) will produce
  about 125 dry tons litter each year
• If we use 100 dry tons of that litter in a 75
  efficient gasifier, it would be equivalent to
  9300 gallons of LPG, or 10,000 in equivalent
  value.
• The value of the resulting 25 tons of ash would
  be 1250 (as a fertilizer).
• The poultry grower only uses 6000 gallons of LPG
  in a year (82 dry tons of litter).

Reardon, J. P., J. Wimberly, and J. Avens. 2001.
Demonstration of a small modular bio-power system
using poultry litter. DOE SBIR Phase-1.
Littleton, CO. Community Power Corporation.
16
Future Bioenergy Producing Machine- K. Singh Model
Biomass
Exhaust
Hot water from pre-condenser
Steam generation coil
Water
Pre-condenser
Combustion Chamber with backup coal supply
Insulation
Char
Steam
Pyrolysis reactor
Turbine
Power output
Bio-oil
Condenser