DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

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• DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY
  SYSTEMS

5th Grade South Carolina Science Curriculum
Standard
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• DISEASES
• OF THE
• CIRCULATORY
• SYSTEM

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Diabetes
DISEASES

• A Circulatory System Disease that affects a
  persons blood sugar levels.
  
• Types
• Juvenile Diabetes-(born with it) --Type 1
• Adult Diabetes- (not born with it )--Type 2
• Gestational Diabetesjust during pregnancy

This disease can be deadly.
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Diabetes

• Symptoms Extreme thirst, blurred vision,
  frequent urination, weakness
  
• Diagnosis The doctor tests your blood to see
  how high your blood sugar is. It should be
  between 70 and 140.
  

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Diabetes

• TreatmentEat a low sugar / low fat diet,
  exercise. Check blood several times daily to make
  sure your blood sugar is in the proper range.
  Take medicine or possibly insulin shots.
• One cause Your pancreas cannot produce the
  correct amount of insulin to use the sugar you
  intake.
  

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Leukemia
DISEASES

• A Circulatory System disease--cancer of the blood.

This disease can be deadly.
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Leukemia

• Symptoms Bone and joint pain, feeling weak,
  loss of appetite, possible yellowing skin
  
• Diagnosis Doctor gives a set of tests including
  a bone marrow test.
  
• Treatment Chemotherapy (special chemicals given
  through an IV to work on cancer cells), and/or
  radiation therapy (a long type of X-ray treatment
  that you take daily for several weeks)
• (Most children and adults who get leukemia today
  usually survive.)

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Hemophilia
DISEASES

• A Circulatory System disease that causes your
  blood to be unable to clot.

This disease can be deadly.
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Hemophilia

• Symptoms A minor cut will cause major bleeding
  at an early age, causing parents and doctors to
  suspect hemophilia.
  
• Diagnosis The doctor will run blood tests for
  blood counts.
  
• Treatment The doctor will give your blood a
  clotting factor replacement regularly.
  

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Hemophilia

• Causes This disease is genetic. A woman with a
  hemophilia gene does not have the symptoms of
  Hemophilia, but is a carrier. This means she
  can pass the gene down to her children. Her sons
  may get Hemophilia. Her daughters may become
  carriers of this disease.

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Sickle Cell Anemia
DISEASES

• A Circulatory System Disease that mostly affects
  African Americans. Sickle-shaped, sticky blood
  cells clog the arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Can you see the microscopic sickle-shaped red
blood cells that should be round?
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Sickle Cell Anemia

• Symptoms Extreme bruising, pain in different
  body parts, tiredness, weakness, pale appearance,
  yellowing of the skin
  
• Diagnosis The doctor runs a blood test to look
  for sickle-shaped red blood cells.
  
• Treatments The doctor gives the patient
  medication to prevent infection, to break up
  clotting, and to ease the pain.
  
• Cause Genetic (passed down through your family
  through your genes in your DNA.)

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Anemia
DISEASES

• A Circulatory System Disease that is usually
  caused by having low iron content in your blood,
  making you tired all the time.

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Anemia

• Symptoms Pale skin, extreme tiredness,
  dizziness
  
• Diagnosis The doctor gives a blood test to
  check the amount of iron in the blood.
  
• Treatment Iron (vitamin) supplements and
  sometimes a blood transfusion.
  
• Causes There are many, many causes. One is a
  lack of eating enough foods that are high in
  iron, like red meats and certain vegetables.

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Stroke
DISEASES

• A Circulatory System Illness--A heart disease
  problem that usually effects one side of the body
  and several functions of the brain.

X-ray of the brain after a large stroke.
This disease can be deadly.
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Stroke

• Symptoms Weakness on one side of the body in
  the face, arm, and legtrouble seeing and doing
  everyday things. Since strokes affect different
  centers of the brain, things like speech, motor
  functions (like walking, writing, using your
  hand), and thinking can be effected.

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Stroke

• Diagnosis The doctor runs a CT scan on the
  brain to check for stroke.
  
• Treatment Rehabilitation (reteaching the person
  to do certain things or use certain parts of
  their body). Sometimes surgery is needed. They
  take medications for stroke.
• Causes Alcohol, smoking, heart disease, an
  artery leakage, high cholesterol (which means
  clogged arteries).

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Heart Disease
DISEASES

• Circulatory System diseases that affect the heart
  and its function.
  
• Stroke and
• heart
• attack are
• caused by
• heart
• disease.

This is a deadly disease.
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Heart Disease

• Symptoms High blood pressure (which is
  Hypertension), high cholesterol (which is too
  much fatty goop in your blood vessels)
  
• Causes obesity (being at least twenty pounds
  overweight), eating fatty foods, genetics
  (remember your genes???), getting very little
  exercise
• Treatment medication, exercise, following a
  proper diet plan, and sometimes open heart
  surgery is needed followed by rehabilitation
  (exercise plans)

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Hypertension
DISEASES

• A Circulatory System Disease
• Hypertension is usually called High Blood
  Pressure, the cause of many other heart-related
  problems.

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Hypertension

• Symptoms Frequent Headaches
• Diagnosis The doctor can take your blood
  pressure with an arm cuff. A normal blood
  pressure is around 130 over 80.
  
• Causes Obesity (overweight by at least 20
  pounds), high stress, genetics (remember your
  genes???), poor eating habits (including high
  salt intake), little exercise.
• Treatment High blood pressure medicine, low
  salt diet, exercise

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• DISEASES
• OF THE
• RESPIRATORY
• SYSTEM

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Common Cold
DISEASES

• Around two-hundred Respiratory System diseases
  that have most of the same symptoms.

The common cold is not deadly. However, it can
lead to secondary infections that may be deadly.
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Common Cold

• Symptoms runny nose, cough, aches, sneezing,
  sometimes fever and sore throat. Sometimes
  burning skin.
  
• Diagnosis One usually does not go to the doctor
  for a cold virus UNLESS it turns into a secondary
  infection.
  
• Treatment drink lots of warm and cold fluids
  every hour take Tylenol for pain.
  
• Causes Colds are very contagious. Touching
  anything that has cold germs, then touching your
  eyes, nose, or mouth can cause you to catch this
  illness. Not washing hands regularly during cold
  season can cause you to catch a cold.

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Influenza
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System Disease
• This is similar to a cold, but is about thirty
  times worse! (opinion)

1918 Influenza Epidemic
Can be deadly for people under the age of four
and over the age of 65 or people with health
problems like diabetes. (You can get it at any
age.)
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Influenza

• Symptoms Extreme cold symptoms but also
  including extreme joint pain and extreme skin
  sensitivity to touch. A person with the flu does
  not feel like lifting his head off of the
  pillow.
• Diagnosis Flu test
• Treatment Flu medicines, bed rest, plenty of
  fluids, pain medication.
  
• Causes Highly contagious
• Prevention Take a flu shot if you are in a
  high-risk group. Wash hands regularly during flu
  season. Make sure people do not come to work or
  school with the flu since it is so highly
  contagious.

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Bronchitis
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System infection of the bronchial
  tubes and sometimes the lungs.

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Bronchitis

• Symptoms Sometimes fever, sore chest, chills,
  trouble breathing, greenish-rusty mucous coming
  up through the throat from the bronchial tubes
  
• Diagnosis The doctor listens to your chest and
  may take a chest x-ray. He does a sputum
  (mucous) culture with a Q-Tip to test for
  bacteria (which would mean a bacterial
  infection).
• Treatment If it is bacterial, the doctor will
  give antibiotic drugs, a bronchial dilator,
  and/or breathing treatments. WARNING A doctor
  will NOT give antibiotics for viruses!!! (This
  could cause your body to resist antibiotics when
  you really need them to work.)
• Causes This is caused by environmental
  pollution like smoking. It can also be caused as
  a secondary infection from the common cold.

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Pneumonia
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System disease
• An infection in the lungs that can be viral or
  bacterial.

This pneumonia was caused by a bad case of
chicken pox.
Can be deadly, especially to children under 4 and
adults over 65.
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Pneumonia

• Symptoms possible back or chest pain,
  tiredness, weakness
  
• Diagnosis The doctor listens to your chest. He
  might give you a chest x-ray.
  
• Treatment If it is viral--bed rest. If it is
  bacterialantibiotics, medicines, and bed rest.
  
• Prevention People who get pneumonia regularly
  should take a pneumonia vaccination. People who
  have surgery or a bad illness should walk around
  some several times a day to keep fluids from
  building up in the lungs.

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Allergies
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System Disease
• Allergies are the bodys reactions to something a
  person comes in contact with.

Microscopic View of a Dust Mite that lives in dust
Can be deadly, especially if the throat swells,
causing breathing to be cut off.
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Allergies

• Symptoms Sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes,
  coughing. Food allergies can sometimes cause
  headaches or swelling. Bug allergies can cause
  extreme swelling.
• Diagnosis The doctor will give allergy tests to
  see what you are allergic to.
  
• Treatment Medicines and shots.
• Prevention Stay away from the things you are
  allergic to.

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Asthma
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System Disease that affects a
  persons ability to breathe.

People with asthma use inhalers to get the
medicine to their lungs quickly.
Can be deadly for children under age 18.
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Asthma

• Symptoms Wheezing, difficulty breathing, some
  coughing, chest pain
  
• Diagnosis The doctor listens to your chest. He
  notices if you have a lot of breathing attacks
  over a few months. You take the lung function
  test and additional tests.
• Treatment Breathing treatments, medications in
  an inhaler
  

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Lung Cancer
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System Disease
• Cancer of the lungs
• Usually caused by smoking or exposure to
  environmental chemicals

A lung with cancer.
This is a deadly disease.
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Lung Cancer

• Symptoms Difficulty breathing, coughing up
  blood
  
• Causes a history of smoking or working near
  air-borne chemicals that damage the lungs
  
• Diagnosis Chest X-Rays and tests
• Treatment Chemotherapy (special chemicals given
  through an IV to work on cancer cells),
  radiation, partial removal of the diseased lung
  

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Emphysema
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System disease
• An environmental disease caused by smoking
• or working
• in a chemical
• environment
• that damages
• the lungs.

A deadly disease
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Emphysema

• Symptoms Difficulty breathing, wheezing,
  tiredness, weakness
  
• Diagnosis The doctor takes a chest x-ray and
  other tests.
  
• Treatment Breathing treatments including an
  oxygen tank and mask
  
• Causes A long-time exposure to environmental
  airborne chemicals, several years of smoking,
  second-hand smoke

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Tuberculosis
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System Disease
• In the 1800s, Tuberculosis was called Consumption
  and killed whole families and communities.
  
• Today, it is a disease of the lungs that we cure
  with antibiotics.

Microscopic View of Tuberculosis
Can be deadly without a full nine months of
antibiotics
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Tuberculosis

• Symptoms a severe cough, in later cases
  coughing up blood, extreme liquid in the lungs
  
• Diagnosis Chest X-Ray, Tuberculin Test (a small
  shot in lower arma raised bump within three days
  indicates possible Tuberculosis.)
  
• Treatment Nine months of antibiotic drugs that
  HAVE to be finished to cure you.
  
• Prevention This is a highly contagious disease,
  but there are not many cases in the US. If you
  go out of the country, youll need to be watched
  for the disease.

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Asbestosis
DISEASES

• A Respiratory System Disease
• This disease of the lungs is caused by particles
  of asbestos reaching the lungs.

Asbestosis scarring of the lungs
Normal lungs
This is a deadly disease.
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Asbestosis

• Symptoms Lung problems
• Diagnosis Lung X-Ray and other tests
• Cause A lot of time spent around asbestos
  fibers floating in the air.
  
• Treatment

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CREDITS

• We would like to thank Mrs. C. Bennetts 5th
  grade academically Gifted / Talented students as
  well as a regular science class for their
  research and editing of this disease information.
  
• Excelsior Middle School
• Union, South Carolina