CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Overview of the Internet
• Session One

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Objectives

• Describe the Internet and its history and
  explain how to access the Internet
• Describe the WWW in context of hypertext and
  hypermedia
• Distinguish between a Web server and a Web client

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Objectives

• Distinguish between HTTP and HTML
• Use a browser to access the WWW
• Define a URL and give specific examples
• Describe how to enter a URL address in a browser

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Objectives

• Define a hyperlink
• Explain why hyperlinks within a document appear
  in two different colors
• Describe the various buttons on a browser
• Explain how to create a bookmark

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• A network can be considered to be any two
  computers connected so that they can exchange
  information between each other

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• A network can be made up of many computers that
  are all able to exchange information with one
  another
• As long as a way exists to connect computers so
  they can exchange information a network exists

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Not only can computers be connected to make up a
  network, but networks can also be connected
  together through the use of bridges or gateways
  which allow networks to exchange information thus
  creating a network of networks

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• The Internet is a network of networks
• It is a giant network made up of smaller networks

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• The internet is a network of networks that
  connects computers across the country and around
  the world

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• In the United States, the government sponsored
  NSFnet (National Science Foundation network)
  provides a major backbone for the Internet by
  using major long-distance telephone carriers

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• The important thing to note is that any given
  computer is capable of exchanging information
  with any other computer that is connected to the
  Internet
• Internet connections are based on some variation
  of the client/server relationship

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• This relationship works due to three major
  components
• Telecommunications Connection - your computer
  (client) will be connected to the server via
  telecommunications hardware and software setup

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Server - a program that offers a service -
  computers on the Internet run servers to offer
  services - a user invokes a client program on
  their computer the client contacts a server on a
  remote computer

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Client - a requesting program that uses the
  Internet to contact a remote server

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• The Internet is an instantaneous communications
  channel that allows two or more computers,
  people, etc. to exchange information, ideas, or
  anything else that can be sent electronically

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Primary capabilities are information retrieval
  and worldwide communication
• Three Basic characteristics
• Immediacy,
• Two-way nature, and
• Global nature of medium

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Begun in 1969 to test the feasibility of a wide
  area computer network (WAN) over which people
  could share data and messages

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Grew out of DOD experiment
• No central authority
• Each computer attached to the network (node) is
  equal to all others

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Originally known as ARPAnet which consisted of
  four computers
• Today the Internet includes millions of computers
  worldwide
• Brings a worldwide library of on-line information
  resources concerning a myriad of topics to anyone
  who has connectivity to the Internet

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Some common Internet services
• Electronic mail
• Telnet
• Anonymous FTP
• WAIS

• Newsgroups
• IRC
• WWW

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• An Internet service is the exchange of a common
  type of information between application programs
  running somewhere on the Internet
• Electronic mail e-mail is an Internet service

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• When two or more e-mail applications pass
  messages between themselves on the Internet, this
  is knows as the Internet electronic mail service

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• The particular mail applications themselves are
  Internet applications, not an Internet service
• Internet applications can be running on different
  platforms yet use the same Internet service

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• E-mail is one of the most commonly used Internet
  service
• Allows users to exchange electronic messages
• Most e-mail application programs generate mail
  messages in a standard format

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• 1991 Introduction of WWW
• WWW subset of Internet
• Documents are either hypertext or hypermedia

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Hypertext documents contain embedded links to
  other documents
• Hypermedia documents contain embedded links to
  graphic, sound, and vides as well as text

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Data travels from a client to server and back
  through a protocol known as the HyperText
  Transfer Protocol (http)

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• The address (location) of a document is known as
  a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• The URL is the primary means of navigating the
  WWW

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• The URL consists of several parts
  http//www.netscape.com/vt/usa.html
• http// represents the means of access
• www.netscape.com represents the Web site

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• vt represents the path
• usa.html represents the document
• The URL can be read from right to left

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Gopher
• Menu-based service for finding resources on the
  Internet
• FTP
• File Transfer Protocol governs how computers
  exchange files
• A protocol is a set of rules by which computers
  interact

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Chat Rooms
• Means of instantly communicating with people all
  over the world by using chat program
• Allow user to send messages to everyone else who
  is logged into the same channel at the same time
• A channel is similar to a global conference call

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CPT 499 Internet Skills for Educators

• Offline subscription service
• Subscription to mailing lists
• Usenet
• Newsgroups
• News
• Allows user to subscribe to one or many
  discussion groups
• Web Publishing