CASE: HADRAMAWT IMPROVED TRADITIONAL ENGINEERING

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CASE HADRAMAWT IMPROVED TRADITIONAL
ENGINEERING????? ??????? ?????????
6.5
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WADI HADRAMAWT
Rainfall isohyets ????? ?????? ??????
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Hadramawt special characteristics??????? ??????
?????? ??????

• Extremely low rainfall (50 mm/year)
• Very irregular and often heavy floods
• Special efforts to avoid that large floods
  destroy command area and residential area) much
  attention for spillways(
• Groundwater and hence recharge is important
• ???? ???? ????? ??? (50??/?????)
• ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (??????
  ???? ?? ??? ???????)

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MANY LARGE FARMER-BUILT STRUCTURES IN
HADRAMAWT ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ??????
??????? ?????????
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Al Powirigat Traditional Dyke ???? ?????????
????????
Water Master ???? ??????
In many systems the traditional structures have
been improved through a mix of modern and
traditional techniques ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??
????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????????
??????? ??????????.
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Special structures??????? ??????

• Diversion structures ??????? ?????????
• Bunds and dykes??????? ??????? ???????? (???????)
  
• Traditional abutments???????? ?????????
• Spillways???????
• Recharge bunds ???? ???????? ???????
• Command area structures?????? ??????? ??????
  
• Water distribution structures????? ????? ??????
  
• Field to field overflow structures
• ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???
• Low flow field intakes
• ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????

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DIVERSION STRUCTURES ??????? ?????????

• Bunds and dykes
• Traditional abutments
• Spillways
• Recharge bunds
• ??????? ??????? ????????
• ???????? ?????????
• ???????
• ???? ?????? ????????

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Traditional dyke at Hadramaut ??????? ???????? ??
???? ??????
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Traditional diversion dyke at angle with the
flow of the river ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??
????? ?????
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TRADITIONAL DYKE SPILLWAY/ OVERFLOW ???? ????
?????? ?????? / ????? ????
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SPILLWAY WITH STEPPED STONES ???? ?? ???????
???????
AL ROMALYA TRADITIONAL WEIR REINFORCED WITH
CONCRETE ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????
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FLOOD CHANNEL INTAKE
TRADITIONAL ABUTMENT ????? ???????
BREACH-ABLE EARTHEN BUND TO BREAK IN HIGH FLOODS
AND RELEASE FLOOD WATER INTO THE RIVER ?? (????)
????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????
???? ??????? ??? ?????
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TRADITIONAL ABUTMENT ????? ???????
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LIME MORTAR STRUCTURES????? ????? ?? ????? ??????
(????)
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TRADITIONAL INTAKE IN HADRAMUAT ???? ?????? ??
??????
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MOZA SIBHAM DYKE REINFORCED WITH TRADITIONAL
ABUTTMENTS ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????
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MODERN ABUTTMENT FOLLOWING TRADITIONAL
DESIGN ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?????????
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COMBINED GABION SPILLWAY WITH TRADITIONAL
ABUTTMENT ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????
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GABION SPILLWAY ???? ?? ????????
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Gabion spillway and traditional intake at
gar-Sudan area (at wadi Dowan) Hadramawt ???? ??
???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? - ??????
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TRADITIONAL LOW RECHARGE WEIR TO SLOW DOWN AND
SPREAD FLOODS ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????
?????? ???????
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COMMAND AREA STRUCTURES????? ??????? ??????
(????????)

• Water distribution structures
• ????? ????? ??????
• Field to field flow structures
• ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???
• Low flow field intakes
• ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????

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WATER DISTRIBUTION WATER IS DIVIDED
PROPORTIONALLY IN SMALL CHANNELS ????? ??????
???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
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WATER DISTRIBUTION GATES USED ON SOME OF THE
SMALL CHANNELS TO CLOSE SUPPLIES AFTER AREA IS
SERVED ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???
??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
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FIELD OVERFLOW STRUCTURE ????? ??????? ??????
????? ( ????)
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FIELD TO FIELD FLOW STRUCTURES (SPPILWAY) ?????
??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? (????)
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FIELD OUTLET STRUCTURE ???? ???? ?????
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FIELD TO FIELD FLOW STRUCTURE (INLET OR
OUTLET ???? ? ??????? ?? ??? ??? (???? ?? ???)
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UNDERFLOW STRUCTURE TO CAPTURE VERY SMALL
FLOWS ????? ??????? ?????? (??????) ??????
????????? ???????
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FIELD SYPHON FOR FIELDS HIGH ABUTMENT ?????
????? ?????? ????? ??????? (?????? ?????????)
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