India

1
India
CHAPTER 25

• Section 1 Natural Environments
• Section 2 History and Culture
• Section 3 India Today

2
Objectives
Section 1 Natural Environments

• What are the major landform regions and rivers of
  India?
• Which climate types and resources does India have?

3
Key physical features
Section 1 Natural Environments

• Landforms
• Himalayasincludes Kashmir Valley
• Gangetic Plainalluvial plain
• Deccanpeninsular plateau, bordered by the Ghats
  (eastern and western ranges)
• Rivers
• Ganges
• in the DeccanNarmada, Godavar, Krishna
• Brahmaputra

4
Climates and resources
Section 1 Natural Environments

• six climate typestropical humid, tropical wet
  and dry, arid, semiarid, humid subtropical,
  highland
• monsoonstrong influence on climate
• key resourcessoils and rivers
• mineralscoal, iron ore, bauxite, oil, uranium

5
Objectives
Section 2 History and Culture

• What were the major events and empires of Indias
  early history?
• How did European contact affect India?
• What religions are practiced in India?
• What are some other features of Indias culture?

6
Early history
Section 2 History and Culture

• Aryans arrived around 1500 B.C. Dravidians were
  pushed south.
• Hinduism and Buddhism developed.
• Kingdoms developed on Gangetic Plain.
• Mauryan and Gupta empires emerged.
• Muslims invaded and formed kingdom at Delhi in
  1200s.
• Mughal Empire established in 1520s.

7
European influence
Section 2 History and Culture

• Traders arrived in 1490sfirst Portuguese, then
  Dutch, French, and British.
• Britain defeated France and controlled India.
• British built infrastructure taught English
  influenced education, law, and government.
• Britain partitioned India at independence.

8
Indian religions
Section 2 History and Culture

• Hinduismthe main faith, followed by around 80
  percent of the population
• Islamlargest minority religion, 1114 percent of
  the population, mainly in the north
• Christianitysome 20 million followers
• Buddhismoriginally from India, now followed by
  less than 1 percent of the population
• Sikhismcombines Muslim and Hindu beliefs
• Jainismstrict moral code based on preserving life

9
Culture
Section 2 History and Culture

• many ethnic groupsAryan descendants, Dravidians,
  others
• more than 1,000 languages and dialectsHindi is
  national language English is widely used
• typical clothing for hot weathersari, choli,
  lungi, turbans (Sikhs)
• foodcurry made of many spices variety based on
  climate, crops, regions
• festivalsmany holidays, including Holi, Pongal

10
Objectives
Section 3 India Today

• What are the main features of Indias economy?
• How does life in Indias villages compare to life
  in its cities?
• What challenges does India face today?

11
Indias economy
Section 3 India Today

• Indias economy is highly varied, ranging from
  subsistence farming to high technology.

12
Indias economyAgriculture
Section 3 India Today

• Farming is the key25 percent of GDP, more than
  half of the land area.
• major cropsrice, wheat, tea, sugarcane, sorghum
• Many farms are small.
• moving toward food-grain self-sufficiency

13
Indias economyIndustry
Section 3 India Today

• ranks tenth in industrial production
• many cottage industriesweaving, crafts
• large-scale productiontextiles, jute products,
  steel
• high-tech computer industry in Bangalore

14
Comparing village and city life
Section 3 India Today

• Most Indians live in villages, but cities are
  growing rapidly.
• Villages are small, with few services cities are
  enormous, with smog, noise, and congestion.
• Many city-dwellers live modern, middle-class
  lives villagers live a more traditional
  lifestyle.
• Most people in villages and cities are poor,
  though urban poor live in giant slums.

15
Challenges
Section 3 India Today

• population growth and related problemspoverty,
  health, education
• environmental damageswater, forests, wildlife
• tensions with Pakistan (Kashmir, water) and China
  (borders)
• ethnic conflictsHindus, Muslims, Sikhs