HIM 103

1
HIM 103

• Chapter 15 Review

2
Bruit

• A bruit is an abnormal sound or murmur heard in
  auscultation

3
Rale

• A rale is an abnormal rattle or crackle-like
  sound heard during inspiration.

4
Rhonchus

• also known as wheezing
• an added sound with a musical pitch occurring
  during inspiration or expiration
• results from a partially obstructed airway
• caused by inflammation, spasms of smooth muscles
  or the presence of mucus in the airways.

5
Stridor

• Abnormal
• high pitched
• harsh or crowning sound heard during inspiration
• results from a partial blockage of the pharynx,
  larynx, and trachea.

6
Palpation

• examination technique
• examiners hands are used to feel the texture,
  size, consistency, and location of certain body
  parts.

7
Percussion

• diagnostic procedure
• determines the density of a body area by the
  sound produced by tapping the surface with the
  finger or instrument.

8
Percussion

• use of fingers in a tapping motion
• evaluates air content in the lungs
• Tapping over the abdomen to detect air in the
  loops of the intestine.

9
PERRLA

• The abbreviation PERRLA means pupils are equal,
  round, responsive to light, and accommodation .
• This diagnostic observation and any abnormality
  might indicate head injury or damage to the
  brain.

10
Otoscope

• used to visually examine the external ear canal
  and tympanic membrane.

11
Prone Position

• patient is lying on the belly face down.
• Used for the examination and treatment of the
  back and buttocks.

12
Supine Position

• also known as the Horizontal Recumbent Position
• the patient is lying on the back with the face
  up.
• This position is used for the examination and
  treatment of the anterior surface of the body and
  for x-rays

13
Sims Position

• the patient is lying on the left side with the
  right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm
  placed along the back.
• This position is used in the examination and
  treatment of the rectal area.

14
Knee-Chest Position

• the patient is lying face down with the hips
  flexed (bent) so the knees and chest rest on the
  table.
• This position is used for rectal examinations.

15
Lithotomy Position

• the patient is supine with the feet and legs
  raised and supported in stirrups.
• This position is used for the vaginal and rectal
  examinations.

16
Trendelenburg Position

• the patient is lying on the back with knees bent
  and the legs elevated slightly higher than the
  head.
• This position is used for some radiographic
  examinations and also for the treatment of shock.

17
Red Blood Cell Count

• A red blood cell (RBC) count is a determination
  of the number of erythrocytes in the blood.
• A depressed count may indicate anemia or
  hemorrhage lasting more than 24 hours.

18
White Blood Cell Count

• A white blood cell (WBC) count is a determination
  of the number of leukocytes in the blood.
• An elevated count may be an indication of
  infection or inflammation.

19
Serum Enzyme Tests

• Serum Enzyme tests are used to measure blood
  enzymes.
• These tests are useful as evidence of a
  myocardial infarction.

20
Serum Bilirubin Test

• The serum bilirubin test measures how well red
  blood cells are being broken down.
• elevated levels of bilirubin, which causes
  jaundice, may indicate liver problems or
  gallstones.

21
Specific Gravity

• amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in the
  urine.
• (Low specific gravity (diluted urine) is
  characteristic of diabetes insipidus).
• (High specific gravity (concentrated urine)
  occurs in conditions such as dehydration, liver
  failure, and shock).

22
Acetone

• Fruity in color and odor
• Large quantities indicate diabetes

23
Albuminuria

• Albumin in the urine
• Sign of impaired kidney

24
Bacteriuria

• Presence of bacteria in the urine
• Indicative of infection

25
Calciuria

• Presence of calcium in the urine

26
Creatinuria

• Creatine in the urine

27
Glycosuria

• Glucose in the urine
• diabetes

28
hematuria

• Blood in the urine

29
Gross hematuria

• Large amounts of blood in urine
• Internal bleeding
• Trauma to the kidney

30
ketouria

• Ketones in the urine
• Ketones are produced when the body breaks down
  fat
• starvation

31
Centesis

• Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid for
  diagnostic purposes
• Removal of excess fluid

32
Radiology

• Xray or radiography
• Image of a hard tissue or internal structure

33
Radiographs

• Shades of ggray
• Bone and hard structures do not permit passage of
  xrays and they appear white on film

34
MRI

• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Utilizes radio waves and a strong magnetic field
• Signals are sent to a computer and converted into
  images
• Hard tissues appear dark
• Soft tissues appear white

35
Nuclear medicine

• Radionuclide imaging
• Used for diagnosis and treatment

36
Radiopharmaceuticals

• Injected or inhaled into the body and taken up by
  a particular organ

37
Tracers

• Each radiopharmaceutical contains a tracer or
  radioactive tracer
• Specific to the body system being examined

38
Nuclear scan

• Scintigram
• Gathers information about an organs function that
  can not be seen of xray

39
PET Scan

• Positron Emission tomography
• Combines tomography with tracers
• Produces enhanced images
• Determines cardiac and cerebral perfusion
• Imaging for epilepsy, brain tumors and dementia

40
Addiction

• Compulsive
• Uncontrollable
• Dependence
• Stopping would cause severe emotional, mental or
  physiological reations

41
Adverse drug reaction

• Side effect
• Adverse drug event
• Undesirable response to a drug

42
Contraindication

• A factor is the patients condition that makes
  the use of the drug dangerous or ill advised.

43
Drug interaction

• Effect of one drug is modified when it is
  administered at the same time another drug is
  taken.