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Canadian

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Banana republic is a pejorative term for describing a country with a non ... After about six months, the banana fruit begins to appear. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Canadian


1
Bananas, Coffee, and Deserts
  • Canadian World Issues
  • www.CraigMarlatt.com/school

2
Bananas, Coffee, and Deserts
  • Fair Trade
  • Banana Farming
  • Coffee Producers
  • Desertification in the Sahel

3
Fair Trade
  • Coffee from Kenya, textiles from India, tea from
    Sri Lanka, nuts from El Salvador, ceramics from
    Mexico, and chocolate from Ghana
  • Many of the things we buy are grown or made in
    developing countries.
  • But do the people who produce these goods get a
    fair price for them, and what are their working
    conditions like?

4
Fair Trade
  • For most workers, wages are low, there is no job
    security, and working conditions are often
    unhealthy and unsafe.
  • When the goods they produce are traded for high
    prices, it is not they who benefit.
  • So what can we do to help these people to get a
    fair reward for their labour? One answer is to
    buy goods that are produced and sold by fair
    trade organizations.

5
Fair Trade
  • Fair trade is an international system of doing
    business based on dialogue, transparency, and
    respect. It contributes to sustainable
    development by offering better trading conditions
    for producers and workers in developing countries.
  • Behind the principles and goals of Fair Trade is
    rigorous international system of monitoring,
    auditing, and certification.

6
Fair Trade
  • The international Fair Trade system is structured
    to produce the following outcomes for farmers and
    workers in developing countries
  • Fair compensation for their products and labour
  • Sustainable environmental practices
  • Improved social services
  • Investment in local economic
    infrastructure

7
Fair Trade
  • Akasuwa, a 43 year old cocoa farmer from Ghana
    explains
  • Why do I sell my cocoa to fair trade
    organizations? Because they are honest and fair
    and do not try to cheat us. They give me a good
    price and pay me straight away.
  • They also share what they make with us and every
    year the farmers earn a bonus. So now we are
    better off and can afford to spend a little more
    on the children's school fees and other basic
    things.

8
Banana Farming
Banana republic is a pejorative term for
describing a country with a non-democratic or
unstable government, especially where there is
widespread political corruption and strong
foreign influence. It was originally applied to
countries whose economies were largely dependent
on bananas for much of the 20th century.
  • Nicaragua
  • Northern Australia
  • Costa Rica
  • Kenya
  • Windward Islands
  • Kenya
  • Tanzania
  • Honduras
  • Philippines
  • Thailand
  • India

9
Banana Farming
  • Growing bananas is hard work. It takes months to
    clear the land, dig holes and put in banana
    plants. After about six months, the banana fruit
    begins to appear. At an early stage the growing
    bananas are wrapped in blue plastic. This stops
    the fruit from getting damaged. It also protects
    the fruit against pesticides that are sprayed on
    the plants.

10
Banana Farming
  • After nine months, the bananas are harvested
    using a sharp knife. Bananas are still green when
    they are picked. They grow in clusters, which
    are known as 'hands'. A hand consists of 10 to 20
    bananas, also called fingers.

11
Banana Farming
  • Bananas are washed and labelled before being put
    into boxes. Bananas are boxed on the banana
    farms where they are produced. This prevents them
    getting bruised.

12
Banana Farming
  • Bananas are taken from the farm to a warehouse in
    a truck. At the warehouse they are inspected and
    sorted. Buyers of fruit in the UK want
    unbruised bananas and so very high standards are
    set. If the bananas do not meet these standards
    they are sold locally at a much lower price.
    After the inspection the boxes are closed and
    weighed.

13
Banana Farming
  • Bananas take six days to get from the Windward
    Islands, a small group of islands in the southern
    part of the Caribbean Sea, to the UK. They are
    stored in the ship's hold which is refrigerated
    at 13.3C. This cool temperature prevents them
    from ripening. When the bananas reach the UK
    they are ripened in special centres and then sent
    to the shops.

14
Banana Farming
  • On average each person in the UK eats 10kg
    bananas a year. A lot of bananas!
  • If you buy bananas from the Windward Islands, you
    will help small farmers like Nioka Abbott. Buying
    fair trade bananas will also mean that the people
    who grow them get paid a fair price.

15
Banana Farming
  • Meet people who grow bananas in the Windward
    Islands. Find out about the difficulties they
    face and the benefits that Fair Trade has brought
    them.
  • George De Freitas
  • Nioka Abbott
  • Regina Joseph
  • Deryck Smart

16
Coffee Producers
  • Coffee is the second most valuable traded
    commodity globally - after oil, yet we producer
    countries are amongst the world's poorest. Is
    this fair trade?
  • For coffee producers, this is so much more than
    being an issue of charity its one of justice.
  • World production of beans can be broken down
  • 65 Central and South America
  • 25 Asia/Pacific
  • 10 Africa

17
Coffee Producers
  • The Americas Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela,
    Equador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Jamaica
  • Asia Indonesia, Thailand, Papua New Guinea,
    Vietnam, India
  • Africa Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda,
    Uganda, Côte D'Ivoire

18
Coffee Producers
  • Read Waking Up to World Coffee Crisis and
    answer the questions that follow it.
  • Also available online
  • Facts About the Daily Grind
  • Bitter Coffee How the Poor are Paying for the
    Slump in Coffee Prices
  • Read the brochure Discover Fair Trade Certified
    Coffee to see what can be done about the coffee
    crisis.

19
Desertification in the Sahel
  • The Sahel is the boundary zone in Africa between
    the Sahara to the north and the more fertile
    region to the south, known as the Sudan (not to
    be confused with the country of the same name)

SAHARA
SAHEL
SUDAN
20
Desertification in the Sahel
  • Sahel
  • Roughly a 500-km wide band in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Includes Gambia, Senegal, Mauritania, Mali,
    Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad.
  • Sudan and Ethiopia can also be considered as part
    of this band.
  • Rainfall is scarce in the northern part of the
    band, permitting only grazing.
  • Entire region is vulnerable because of the
    potential for desertification
  • this potential for desertification can be
    increased by climate change and human use

21
Desertification in the Sahel
  • The Sahel is primarily savanna and runs from the
    Atlantic Ocean to the Horn of Africa, changing
    from semi-arid grasslands to thorn savanna.

22
Desertification in the Sahel
  • Desertification is the destruction of the
    biological activity of the land that eventually
    leads to desert-like conditions
  • 40 of the surface of the earth is either a
    desert or under desertification.
  • Caused by deforestation, climate change, huge
    population growth, over-farming, and grazing.

23
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25
Desertification in the Sahel
  • Using the Sahel
  • Local farmers have been herding in the Sahel for
    thousands of years, sustainably.
  • By keeping their herds moving, they ensure a food
    supply for their herds, and a life for
    themselves, in an area where neither could have
    existed before.
  • They follow traditional herding routes, where
    food supplies exist. As grazing land becomes
    scarce, they move on.
  • A relatively new problem in Africa, though, is
    geopolitical.

26
Desertification in the Sahel
  • Pre-Colonial Tribal Boundaries in Africa

27
Desertification in the Sahel
  • Todays Political Boundaries in Africa
  • Now, when grazing land crosses an imaginary
    political boundary, nomadic herders must stop,
    where they used to continue on.

28
Desertification in the Sahel
  • Read Desertification A Threat to the Sahel
    and answer the questions that follow it.

Mali
29
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