J' Michael Moore Extension Agronomist Tobacco

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J. Michael MooreExtension Agronomist - Tobacco

• University of Georgia
• http//www.georgiatobacco.com

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Philip Morris - Worldwide Interests
Co-production agreement
Direct Investment
Licensing agreement
Little or no exports
Major export market
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Seedbed Management

• Uniform Seedbed Preparation
• Soil Test Adequate Fertilization
• Moisture Management
• Insect and Disease Management
• Temperature Management

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PLANT SOURCE
Bed Plants
Greenhouse Plants
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SEEDBEDS
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SEEDBEDS
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GREENHOUSE
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CLIPPING
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SPRAYING
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PYTHIUM
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RHIZOCTONIA TARGET SPOT
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Moisture Management

• Irrigate for germination seedling growth
• Irrigate at transplanting for seedling
  establishment
• Irrigate after last cultivation until topping to
  support rapid and uniform growth
• Irrigate after topping if needed

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Maximize Sucker Control

• Produce a uniform crop
• Remove tops as soon as the first flower opens
• Apply multiple applications of fatty alcohols
  (contacts) as the crop flowers and suckers grow
• Maleic Hydrazide and Dinitroanalines provide
  long-term control.

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50 GPA _at_ 20 PSI
TG3
TG5
TG3
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SUCKER CONTROL APPLICATION
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New 70,000 to 80,000
Used 25,000 to 30,000
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Taylor Two Ended Baler
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Proper Curing

• Load boxes, racks barns uniformly, close air
  leaks
• Follow a proven curing schedule
• Use a web-bulb thermometer to minimize wasted
  fuel from excessive fresh air intake, ESPECIALLY
  WITH NEW HEATEXCHANGERS

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CURING SCHEDULE
Normal, Ripe Tobacco
Dry-bulb
Wet-bulb
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165
160
140
135
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Temperature ('F)
118
118
120
110
110
105
105
100
100
100
100
100
97
97
80
0
12
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
120
132
144
Time (hours)
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Flue-cured Stalk Positions (crop throw)
Smoking leaf-H Leaf - B Cutters-C Lugs -
X Primings-P
15-20 45-55 8-12 15-20 0-6
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Flue-cured Stalk Positions (processing volume)
Smoking leaf-H Leaf - B Cutters-C Lugs -
X Primings-P
Processing Volume
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Flue-cured Stalk Positions (chemistry)
Chemistry
Smoking leaf-H Leaf - B Cutters-C Lugs -
X Primings-P
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The Tobacco Plant
Leaf (B) 3-3.5 nicotine up to 15 sugars
Smoking Leaf (H) 3 nicotine 12-20 sugars
Cutters (C) 2.5 nicotine 12-22 sugars
Lugs (X) 2.5 nicotine 12-20 sugars
Primings (P) 1.5-2 nicotine 5-10 sugars
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Field Management

• Variety Selection
• Quality Seedlings
• Proper Fertilization
• Cultivation as Necessary
• Moisture Management
• Insect and Disease Management
• Topping Sucker Control
• Harvesting of Mature, Ripe Tobacco
• Proper Curing Schedule
• Wet bulb thermometer, nitrosamine management

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VARIETIES PLANTED - 2003
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Major Varieties for 2004
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Insect and Disease Management

• Rotate beds and fields
• Select varieties for resistance
• Control insects in the greenhouse and beds
• Use chemicals if soil insects or soilborne
  diseases are a problem
• Use thresholds to trigger foliar insecticide
  applications

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BLUE MOLD
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ROOT KNOT NEMATODE
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ROOT KNOT NEMATODE
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PLANT QUALITY
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WIREWORM DAMAGE
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WIREWORMS
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WIREWORM
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CUTWORM
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MOLECRICKET
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FLEA BEETLES
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FLEA BEETLES
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GRASSHOPPER
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APHIDS
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BUDWORM
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HORNWORM
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TOBACCO SPLITWORM
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Tobacco Splitworm
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DROWNING
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DROWNING
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Drowning Excess Water

• Damaging to tobacco
• Causes oxygen starvation of roots
• More damaging to young plants
• Reduce potential by planting on
• Well drained soils
• High, wide, row ridges

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BLACK SHANK
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GRANVILLE WILT
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HAIL DAMAGE
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CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS
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CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS
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Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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Tomato spotted wilt virus
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SPOTTED WILT LOSSES1984 - 2005
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18
T 1
T 3
T M

0
YEAR
1st TSWV
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Tomato spotted wilt virus
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Tobacco Thrips
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BARE ROOT PLANTS ADMIRE vs NO ADMIRE IN
TRANSPLANT WATER
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THANK YOU !!!