Materials Science

1
Materials Science Technology

• The Birth of a New Field of Materials Science
  Resonant Polarized Radiation Catalysis, and the
  Expansion of Thermodynamics
• Rustum Roy
• Arizona State University
• The Pennsylvania State University

2

New Era for Materials Science

• Last year in the Science Society lecture,
• I pointed out that the Science of Materials is
  tangible, useful, valuable to society, genuinely
  intelligible to the public, and is now at the
  cutting edge of the public exciting science.

3
Consider

• What has happened to particle physics 20 years
  after the hoopla on the supercollider!
• Where is astronomy? - with the enormous hype of
  the same (very) old, (very) tired, images of one
  galaxy after another.
• Both were sustained by the press because of the
  supreme, bragging, self-confidence of their
  proponents and beneficiaries.

4
What was the Return on Investment (ROI) to the
U.S. Public?

• A few Nobel Prizes, maybe!

5
We Must Ask What was the Return to ALL of
Science?

• Surely minuscule compared to what Materials
  Science can offer

6
This Symposium Assembles

• The most interesting set of genuine, eye-opening,
  paradigm shattering, easily experimentally
  duplicable, discoveries, which also challenge the
  bedrock of scientific theories like
  thermodynamics and people like Planck Einstein.

7
This Symposium

• Dares to go, like our moon landing, to where no
  scientists have dared to tread since Heisenberg,
  Schrodinger, Pauli, and their successor Hans
  Peter Duerr, at the interface of living and
  non-living systems.

8
The succeeding talks will show you how to

• Find the variables Einstein Planck ignored!
• Increase the kinetics of ceramics and metal
  interactions by 103.
• Provide the community with a new magic wand to
  destroy crystal structures, and make glassy, most
  of the most important high tech materials.
• Install E, M, E-M, and Acoustic energy fields as
  easily usable and utterly new laboratory tools.

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Provides challenging data on the Worlds 1
material - WATER -

• A material thats been totally ignored so far
  by the Materials-Research community.
• (Except for the very best Linus Pauling, J.D.
  Bernal, B. Deryaguin, A. von Hippel, D. Kingery)

10
And finally

• This symposium will provide Materials Science
  data on the interface between living and
  non-living systems it may meanMaterials
  Science has come of age.

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• And in our invitations to the press,I believe
  our allusion to the Solvay Conference 1927,
  where quantum mechanics came of age may not be
  inaccurate.

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1927 Solvay Conference
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• Materials Research is the Parent of the
• Condensed Matter parts of Chemistry, Physics
  and Biology
• (Recall Newton and Faraday)
• So it is obviously included!

14

• As a very hard-Materials Scientist, who has
  worked extensively on Diamonds, Rubies,
  Quartz, etc.
• I am committed to the standard view of SCIENCE
  where reproducible FACTS reign supremeeven on
  very soft, WATER.
• Hence, I am an experimentalist.

15

• Science is strictly limited to experimentally
  verified data.

16

• An experimenter should seldom be deterred by
  theoretical difficulty for the data on which the
  theory is dependent may be erroneous. The theory
  mathematically may be right enough, but the data
  and essentially physical machinery, may be
  different from what had been anticipated.
• Sir Oliver Lodge

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• Cosmology may look like a science, but it
  isnt a science because its impossible to do
  repeatable experiments.
• James Gunn Higgins Professor of Astronomy
• Princeton University

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Fundamental Novelty Intrinsically barred by
Peer Review

• Skeptics and believers are all alike. At this
  moment scientists and skeptics are the leading
  dogmatists. Advance in detail is admitted
  fundamental novelty is barred.
• Alfred North Whitehead in Essays in Science and
  Philosophy

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How to be a (real) scientist

• Sit down before fact as a little child, be
  prepared to give up every preconceived notion,
  follow humbly wherever and to whatever abysses
  Nature leads, or you shall learn nothing.
• Thomas H. Huxley

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Materials Research providesUnbelievable Facts

• What multimode microwave (mw) radiation does to
  kinetics
• What polarized microwave radiation does to
  kinetics and utterly, impossible new reactions
• What specially polarized microwave does to
  kinetics and more dramatic effects?
• The unavoidable data on human intention as a real
  vector field.

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Multimode Microwave Effects on Condensed Matter

• Very rapid heating including water
• Extremely rapid in special cases
• Totally missed by current theories
• 100 papers from 1980-2000 by PSU and NIFS
• Yet TOTALLY rejected and ignored by community
  except NIFS in Japan

22
SYNTHESIS OF BaTiO3 Starting Precursors BaCO3
and TiO2-x
Unbelievable kinetics of BaTio3 synthesis
Conventional heating
Microwave heating
23
Single Mode Synthesis of Barium Ferrite, BaFe12O19
Results with BaCO3 4Fe3O4 in E-field
24
Synthesis of Barium Ferrite, BaFe12O19
Results with BaCO3 4Fe3O4 in H-field
Note flatness
25
SEM nano of glass in 4 quadrants
26
Decrystallization of BaTiO3
27
XRD of undoped TiO2-x
Same for BaTio3
28
DE-CRYSTALLIZATION OF Si POWDER

• (Zero Background Holder)

• (Black Wax Background)

• (Jelly Background)

29
Si Single Crystal in an H-Field
Note incredibly flat XRD
Totally de-crystallizednote the flat line
Influence of time is minor
30
Si single crystal Note characteristic, periodic
waves
p-type Si-wafer (rough side), H-field treated for
90 sec, showing wavy features on the surface
Before
After
31
The Burning of WaterThe Kanzius Effect of
resonant RF radiation

• Confirmation of the work
• at Materials Research Lab, Penn State

Polarized 1356 MHz beam
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NO ONE

• ever claimed a over-unity energy outcome, for
  Kanzius experiments energy balance data not
  revealed
• (But in our own and NIFS microwave examples it
  exceeded 60-90 energy savings)
• No one pays attention Except in Japan

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The Science Communitys Reaction to Water
Burning is instructive

• Vilify the author (especially if he does not
  have an endowed chair!!!)
• Make zero effort to check the accuracy of the
  claims.
• Never try to duplicate the experiment, obviously
  not always easy because it is patented and not
  all details may be revealed.

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Observations of polarized RF Radiation Catalysis
of dissociation (and burning) of H2O-NaCl
solutions

• We visited Mr. Kanzius in Erie and found out
  that it was all real. The device was brought to
  our Penn State labs where we carried out 50-100
  experiments and carried them out again back in
  his labs.
• R. Roy, M. L. Rao, J. Kanzius. Mat. Res.
  Innovations. 12, 306 (2008).

35
Emission spectra of the flame generated during
the salt-water burning process
RF beam at 200-400 w emerges from source at right
R. Roy, M. L. Rao, J. Kanzius. Mat. Res.
Innovations. 12, 306 (2008).
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GROUP 2 metal salts
37
Gulf water - droplet experiment
A plastic pipette was used to inject droplets
directly into the RF field. The spontaneous
ignition of these droplets was very sensitive to
location in the field.
These photos reveal how the ignited salt water
was attracted to the coupler on the RF generator
veering to the right.
38
1 NaCl solution- droplet experiment
Spontaneous ignition of even 99.9 water
39
From droplet of gulf water (Expt performed
earlier)
From droplet of gulf water (Expt performed Jan
14, 2008)
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SUMMARY

• It has been shown that most of the soluble metal
  salts in water burn after ignition with
  characteristic flames. Metal chlorides,
  sulfates, nitrates, carbonates etc., of Grp I,
  II, and even the transition metal ions burn in
  the RF field dissociating water.
• Organic compounds containing OH groups like PVA,
  L-Alanine , Hydroxy Ethyl cellulose burn when
  ignited in the presence of RF field.
• Metal colloidal solutions (with 1-20 atom ppm
  colloidal particles) from ASAP and GR burn when
  ignited in the presence of RF field. Spectral
  changes in the UV-VIS spectra is indicative of
  major structural changes.
• Droplet and spray of NaCl solution in the RF
  field ignite spontaneously.
• Solid samples exposed to RF field respond either
  by heating up slowly / rapidly. Dramatic
  structural changes have not been noted as seen
  from XRD, except for HEC and cellulose.

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Thermodynamics as Taught

• In traditional Phase Rule Texts (e.g. Ricci) only
  the effect of TWO Intensive Variables, P T, on
  G, are even considered.
• But E H are obviously candidates.
• Can E H fields change G enough to cause phase
  transformations?
• Assumed to be de minimis except for ferroics
• Far from being de minimis, our facts show
• These are obviously revolutionary vectors.

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• Even microwave text books say
• P 2p?? ?1t tan dE
• But the complete equation MUST surely include the
  magnetic field and is
• P 2p?? ?1t tan dE 2p µ0µ1 tan F H2
• Magnetic field also counts and , that is ONLY
  the beginning of the needed corrections

43

• These are all vector and high rank tensor fields
  and the mathematics is very arcane and can hardly
  be connected to experiments because of the lack
  of data on parameters to check.

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But now

• Our experimental facts demand wholesale
  corrections of textbooks papers because
• AC field DC field effects are dramatically
  different
• Frequencies make a huge difference.
• E H field effects are dramatically different

45
In addition

• We have recently shown
• Polarization makes a huge difference especially
  circular polarization
• EM Acoustic transformation occurs
• And special polarizations (Cornwells paper
  later in program gives radical changes)

46
Bruce Towe at Arizona State University
Calculates the acoustic field from this single
mode 2.45 Ghz radiation as 108-9 g accounting
for atomic displacements to give glasses
totally inexplicable otherwise.
47
And, all have missed the role of RESONANCE as
the key to upconversion of energy
48

• Clearly there is a black hole in thermodynamics
• Infinitely more significant to humans than any
  black holes in the sky

49
Schematic illustrating widely used phenomenon of
liquid phase epitaxy
50
Epitaxy

• Epitaxy has been in widespread commercial use in
  semiconductors growth for decades
• In the 1980s Roy and Komarneni demonstrated even
  solid state epitaxy
• It is an electrostatic field pattern from a
  strongly bonded solid into a liquid

51
Finally

• Can radiation structured waters have valuable
  biological effects?
• Answer Indeed on a plane with chemical vectors

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• Epitaxy obviously structures the liquid layers
  immediate next to solid.
• Always assumed to be like double layers of
  atoms lt 1 nm for sure.

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Detailed Measurements on Epitaxy on Water

• Patrick Flanagan measured the changes in surface
  tension (s.t.) of water on the surface of
  diamonds, rubies and quartz. From 74 dynes/cm to
  34 (dia) 43 (rub) and 53 (qtz).
• Gerald Pollack has demonstrated with multiple
  tools the long reach of epitaxy in water via his
  classic Nafion example. His E Z runs into the
  micrometers range.

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Surface Tension using DI H20Kibron, Aqua Pi
Temperature 20.5C
Megahydrate

55
Sample 2 Quartz

• At left is a photo showing a drop of DI water on
  a quartz crystal face in contact with a 40X
  objective immersion lens for the WiTec confocal
  Raman spectrometer illuminated by the 488 nm
  laser light.
• The first set of data was taken in the
  configuration shown.

56
Raman Spectra of DI Water on Diamond Normalized
plots
Normalizing the data to the main OH stretch band
peaks shows the changes in this region better
At surface 50 nm 1 micron 5 microns 10
microns 25 microns 50 microns 100 microns 1000
microns
?
Big changes at 10 microns
57
Raman Spectra of DI Water on Nafion Intensity
plots
3. As the focus emerged above the Nafion surface,
the main OH-stretch band and bending modes of
water are evident
1. Initially, the focus may have been near the
glass slide substrate where there was a thin
layer of water under the Nafion
2. The focus passed through the Nafion,
generating typical polymer peaks
58
Newer cartoon
very weak bonds between clusters
Roy et al. cartoon (2005) structure of liquid
water incorporating Chaplin figures.

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Anisodesmicity Key to waters uniqueness

• Diamond Graphite

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Its Just Carbon
All bonds equal
Very unequal
1.54Å
1.43Å
3.35Å
DIAMOND
GRAPHITE

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Summary on Waters Structuresthere are an
infinity of them

• Waters structure is an assembly of heap-packed
  nano-heterogenous oligomers
• The bonding is grossly anisodesmic.
• That is the key to its mutability.
• And the hope for retaining the desired metastable
  phases
• By clever hybridization of vectors.