ADDICTIVE AND UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS

1
ADDICTIVE AND UNHEALTHY BEHAVIORS
2
Anorexia nervosa A psychobiological disease
characterized by an intense fear of becoming
obese, a disturbed body image, a significant
weight loss, the refusal to maintain normal body
weight, and amenorrhea.
3
Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa
Weight loss to 15 below normal
Intense fear of gaining weight or being fat,
despite being underweight
Disturbance in ones experience of body weight,
size, and shape
Females absence of at least three consecutive
expected menstrual cycles
4
Defining Bulimia
Bulimia
An episodic eating pattern of uncontrollable food
bingeing followed by purging it is characterized
by an awareness that the pattern is abnormal,
fear of being unable to stop eating voluntarily,
depressed mood, and self-deprecation.
5
Characteristics of Bulimia
Recurrent binge eating
A sense of lacking control over eating behavior
during the binges
Engaging in regular self-induced vomiting, use of
laxatives or diuretics, strict dieting or
fasting, or vigorous exercise in order to prevent
weight gain
Average minimum of two binge-eating episodes a
week for three months
Consistent over- concern with body shape and
weight
6
Prevalence of Eating Disorders
Accurate assessment is difficult to achieve
because of the secretive nature of the disorder.
7
Research on the Prevalence of Eating Disorders
Athletes appear to have a greater occurrence of
eating-related problems than does the general
population.
A significant percentage of athletes engage in
pathogenic eating or weight-loss behaviors (e.g.,
bingeing, fasting), although sub-clinical in
intensity.
Eating disorders and pathogenic weight-loss
techniques tend to have a sport-specific
prevalence (e.g., among wrestlers vs. archers).
8
Predisposing Factors
Weight restrictions and standards
Coach and peer pressure
Performance demands
Judging criteria
9
Recognition and Referral of an Athlete with an
Eating Problem
Be able to recognize the physical and
psychological signs and symptoms of these
conditions.
If you suspect an eating disorder, make a
referral to a specialist in the area.
10
Physical Signs of Eating Disorders
Weight too low
Considerable weight loss
Extreme weight fluctuations
Bloating
Swollen salivary glands
Amenorrhea
11
Physical Signs of Eating Disorders
Carotinemiayellowish palms or soles of feet
Sores or callouses on knuckles or back of hand
from inducing vomiting
Hypoglycemialow blood sugar
Muscle cramps
Stomach complaints
12
Physical Signs of Eating Disorders
Headaches, dizziness, or weakness from
electrolyte disturbances
Numbness and tingling in limbs due to electrolyte
disturbances
Stress fractures
(See Table on page 465 of text)
13
PsychologicalBehavioral Signs of Eating Disorders
Excessive dieting
Excessive eating without weight gain
Excessive exercise that is not part of normal
training program
Guilt about eating
Claims of feeling fat at normal weight despite
reassurance from others
(continued)
14
Preoccupation with food Use of drugs such as diet
pills, laxatives, and diuretics to control weight
Avoidance of eating in public and denial of hunger
Hoarding food
Disappearing after meals
Frequent weighing
Binge eating Evidence of self-induced vomiting
15
Defining Substance Alcohol Abuse
A maladaptive pattern of psychoactive substance
use.
16
Defining Drug Addiction
Drug addiction
A state where both discontinuing or continuous
use of a drug creates an overwhelming desire,
need, and craving for more of the substance.
17
Prevalence of Substance Abuse in Sports
Accurate assessment is difficult to achieve
because of the sensitive and personal nature of
the problem.
18
Studies have focused on alcohol and steroid use
Alcohol use 55 of high school athletes
87-88 of college athletes.
Performance-enhancing drugs 5 of high school
and college athletes report using them (40-60
among elite athletes)
19
Athletes Take Drugs Drink Alcohol To
Escape from unpleasant emotions or stress, build
confidence or enhance self-esteem
Enhance performance, peer pressure
Rehabilitate injury,
Look better
Control appetite and lose weight.
20
Major Categories of PerformanceEnhancing Drugs
Stimulants
Narcotic analgesics
Anabolic steroids
Beta-blockers
Diuretics
Peptide hormones and analogues
21
Preventing and Detecting Substance Abuse
Key
Only specially trained professionals work in drug
treatment programs. However, fitness
professionals play a major role in prevention and
detection.
22
Substance Abuse Detection
Be aware of the warning signs of substance abuse
Apathetic or listless behavior
Impaired judgement
Poor coordination
Poor hygiene and grooming
Profuse sweating
Muscular twitches or tremors
23
Making Referrals
The person who has the rapport with the
individual should schedule a private meeting to
discuss the matter.
Emphasize feelings rather than directly focusing
on eating behaviors.
Be supportive and keep all information
confidential.
Make a referral to a specific clinic or person
on your referral list.
24
The End