THE WORLDS GREATEST ANCIENT CIVILIZATION

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EGYPT

• THE WORLDS GREATEST ANCIENT CIVILIZATION?

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KINGS AND QUEENS OF THE NILE

• BEGAN AROUND 4000 BC
• RULED BY PHARAOHS GREAT KINGS AND QUEENS
• THE PHARAOHS WERE SAID TO BE DIRECT DESCENDANTS
  OF THE GODS

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OLD KINGDOM

• PHAROAH MENES UNITED UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT
  RULED
• BUILT THE FIRST CITY OF EGYPT, MEMPHIS (LOCATED
  NEAR PRESENT DAY CAIRO, EGYPT CAPITAL CITY)
• HIS UNITED EGYPT LASTED FOR 2,500 YEARS

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THE ALL POWERFUL PHARAOHS

• ABSOLUTE POWER
• WORDS BECAME LAW AND THOSE WHO BROKE THEM
  SUFFERED
• THE RELIGIOUS LEADER, AS WELL AS THE POLITICAL
  LEADER

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THE MIDDLE KINGDOM

• ABOUT 2250 BC
• GOVERNERS CHALLENGED THE PHARAOHS THE DYNASTIES
  GREW WEAK
• RESTORED IN THE MIDDLE KINGDOM

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THE NEW KINGDOM

• THE PHARAOHS OF THE NEW KINGDOM NOT ONLY DROVE
  OUT ALL INVADERS, BUT THEY CREATED ARMIES THAT
  WERE SO HUGE THAT THEY WOULD BECOME UNBEATABLE
• THE USE OF BRONZE AND WAR CHARIOTS LED THEM INTO
  THE NEW ERA

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THE RISE OF THE POWERFUL

• 1500 BC A CHILD NAMED THUTMOSE BECAME PHARAOH
• TO YOUNG TO RULE A REGENT WAS APPOINTED FOR HIM,
  HIS STEPMOTHER, HATSHEPSUT
• DECLARED HERSELF PHARAOH, SHE WOULD RULE EGYPT
  FOR 22 YEARS

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HATSHEPSUT

• THUTMOSE GREW OLDER HATSHEPSUT REFUSED TO RELEASE
  THE THRONE
• MANY BELIEVE HER DEATH SOON AFTER THIS REFUSAL
  WAS NO ACCIDENT
• AFTER HER DEATH THUTMOSE TOOK THE THRONE AND
  DESTROYED ALL THAT SHE HAD ACCOMPLISHED

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TUTANKHAMENKING TUT

• BECAME PHAROAH OF EGYPT AT THE AGE OF 9 AND
  REIGNED UNTIL THE AGE OF 18
• THE SON OF AKHENATON, TUT WAS FORCED TO DECLARE
  AMON-RE THE CHIEF GOD OF EGYPT
• CALLED THE BOY KING, TUT WAS WORSHIPPED AS THE
  LIVING FORM OF AMON-RE.

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KING TUT TOMB
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DEATH MASK OF TUT
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EGYPTIAN RELIGION

• THE EGYPTIANS BELIEVED IN ETERNITY FOR ALL SOULS
• YOUR LIFE AND STATUS DETERMINED YOUR PLACE IN
  ETERNITY
• THE CHIEF GOD WAS AMON-RE, THE HIDDEN ONE

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EGYPTIAN GODS

• MANY OF THE GODS WERE DEPICTED AS HUMANS WITH
  ANIMAL HEADS
• OSIRISTHE GOD OF THE LIVING AND THE DEAD WAS
  VERY IMPORTANT
• ISISTHE WIFE OF OSIRIS WAS THE GODDESS OF
  PROTECTION FOR CHILDREN

• Duamutef, who had the head of a jackal
• Qebehsenuf, who had the head of a falcon 
• Hapi, the baboon-headed son of Horus,  

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MUMMIES
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MUMMIES
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MUMMIESOF THE EGYPTIAN DESERT OF EGYPT
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TOMBS OF THE KINGS

• DURING THE OLD KINGDOM THE EGYPTIANS BUILT THE
  PYRAMIDS
• GIANT TOMBS FOR THE DEAD KINGS
• THE LARGEST IS THE GREAT PYRAMID AT GIZA

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PYRAMIDS

• MANY CONTAIN AS MANY AS 2 MILLION STONES
• EACH STONES WEIGHS UP TO 5000 POUNDS, 2 TONS
• ALMOST 20 YEARS TO COMPLETE ONE PYRAMID
• USED HEBREW SLAVES AND OTHERS

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EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS

• USED PICTURES AND SYMBOLS TO TELL STORIES
• IT WAS NOT UNTIL 1799 THAT MODERN MAN COULD BEGIN
  TO UNDERSTAND THE ANCIENT TEXT
• THE ROSETTA STONE UNLOCKED THE MYSTERY
• IT WAS A TRANSLATION STONE, SHOWING HOW TO CHANGE
  EGYPTIAN INTO GREEK

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ALEXANDER THE GREAT

• ALEXANDER WAS A GENERAL AND RULER OF A MASSIVE
  ARMY THAT CONQUERED MOST OF THE ANCIENT WORLD,
  INCLUDING THE GREEKS AND THE EGYPTIANS
• IN ABOUT 332 BC HE OVERTOOK THE KINGDOM OF EGYPT

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