Greenhouse Management

1
Greenhouse Management

• Unit 1

2
Why a Greenhouse?

• To grow crops out of season
• To grow crops not adapted to the locality
• To speed up the growth of crops

3
What are commercial greenhouses used for?

• 1. Fresh flowers-flowers which are cut from the
  plant prior to sale
• (roses, mums, carnations, etc.)

4

• 2. Flowering Plants- flower bearing plants which
  are sold in a pot
• (chrysanthemum, etc.)

5

• 3. Green Plants- (foliage plants) - plants sold
  in a pot and valued more for their foliage than
  their flowers
• (Ivy, Rubber Trees, Ferns, etc.)

6

• 4. Bedding Plants - young plants sold for
  planting around the home
• (Vegetables, Impatiens, Marigold, etc.)

7

• 5. Vegetable Production-grown to maturity in a
  greenhouse
• (Tomatoes, Lettuce)

8

• 6. Woody Ornamental Propagation
• Reproducing more plants such as azalea,
  forsythia, gardenia, etc.

9
Terms

• Greenhouse a structure that is covered with a
  transparent material that allows sufficient
  sunlight to enter for the purpose of growing and
  maintaining plants.

10
Future of theGreenhouse Industry

• Growing demand for greenhouse crops
• Expect increased production of green plants,
  flowering plants, bedding plants
• Increased awareness of interior exterior
  landscapes
• Potted plants are competitive on a more local
  basis due to difficulties and expense of long
  distance transportation

11
What role do greenhouses have in the U.S. and in
agriculture?

1. Variety of products with many uses
2. Employment Opportunities
3. Economy- Sell almost 20 BILLION in floriculture
   products/ year
4. Fulfill an emotional need in people

12
Main Careers in Greenhouse Management

• Basics
• Grower
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• How do these jobs differ?

13
Careers.

• 1. Grower
• Produces crops for sale to wholesalers
• Has expertise in producing one or more crops
  (like poinsettias or chrysanthemums)
• Generally do not market or advertise

14
2. Wholesaler

• Sells a wide range of crops and products to
  retail businesses
• Serves as a supermarket for the retailers to buy
  supplies

15
3. Retailer

• Sells products to the general public
• Location is important for marketing
• Includes many types of businesses
• Florist Shops
• Retail Greenhouses
• General Retail Stores

16
More Careers

• Flower Grader
• Horticulturist
• Plant Taxonomist
• Floral Shop Operator
• Plant Geneticist
• Plant Nutritionist
• Plant Pathologist
• Plant Scientist
• Greenhouse Manager

• Plant Breeder
• Pest Control Technician
• Certified Seed Grower
• Agricultural Journalist
• Magazine Writer
• Beekeeper
• Marketing/Advertising Manager
• Purchasing Manager

17
Basic Greenhouse Styles
18
BASIC GREENHOUSE STYLES

• BASIC STYLES
• EXAMPLES OF GREENHOUSE USES
• BASIC GREENHOUSE COVERINGS
• COMMON FRAMING MATERIALS

19
DREAM GREENHOUSE
20
A. BASIC STYLES

1. EVEN SPAN
2. GOTHIC ARCH
3. QUONSET
4. RIDGE AND FURROW
5. LEAN-TO
6. COLD FRAME

21
TERMS

• TRUSSES- composed of rafters, chords and struts
  that support the roof

22
1. EVEN SPAN

• Greenhouse with two roof slopes of equal pitch
  and width
• Benefits
• Excellent light, ventilation, and temp control
• Disadvantages
• Wasted heat air in the gables

23
1. EVEN SPAN
24
EVEN SPAN
25
EVEN SPAN
26
EVEN SPAN
27
EVEN SPAN
28
2. GOTHIC ARCH

• POINTED ARCH ROOF
• TRUSSES HAVE BEEN ELIMINATED
• Not as popular today
• Can have sidewalls
• Side walls are a short base wall of a solid
  material
• often cinderblocks

29
2. GOTHIC ARCH
30
GOTHIC ARCH
31
3. QUONSET

• A greenhouse with a semicircular arch that starts
  at ground level or on top of a sidewall
• (Half moon shape)
• Benefits
• Less Expensive to construct
• Few shadows
• Disadvantage
• Cannot handle as much wind and snow

32
3. QUONSET
33
QUONSET
34
QUONSET
35
QUONSET WITH TOP VENT
36
4. RIDGE AND FURROW

• Several greenhouses connected along the length of
  the eaves
• Benefits
• Large interior areas
• Reduced heat loss
• Less expensive construction
• Disadvantages
• More difficult to control pest and temperature
• Difficult snow removal

37
RIDGE AND FURROW
38
RIDGE AND FURROW
39
RIDGE AND FURROW
40
RIDGE AND FURROW
41
RIDGE AND FURROW
42
RIDGE AND FURROW
43
RIDGE AND FURROW
44
RIDGE AND FURROW
45
5. LEAN-TO

• ATTACHED TO EXISTING BUILDING
• USUALLY ON THE EAST OR SOUTH SIDE
• Benefits
• Less roof support needed
• Heating is usually less expensive
• Disadvantage
• Limited space

46
LEAN-TO
47
LEAN-TO
48
Inside ShedLean-To
49
(No Transcript)
50
LEAN-TO
51
LEAN-TO

• Brick is an
• Example of
• Side walls
• (Lean-to is
• BOTTOM ONLY)

52
COLD FRAME

• NO HEATING OR COOLING MECHANISMS
• SHAPE IS OFTEN CONFUSED FOR QUONSET
• WILL TALK ABOUT MORE IN A LATER UNIT

53
COLD FRAME
54
COLD FRAME
55
COLD FRAME
56
COLD FRAME
57
COLD FRAME
58
COLD FRAME
59
Greenhouse Uses

• Hobby or Home Use
• small Lean-To or Dutch types
• Botanical Gardens
• make plants available to the public
• Preserve rare plants
• Like a zoo for plants

60
Greenhouse Uses (continued)

• Retail Greenhouse
• at home and garden centers
• Have displays and examples of plant uses
• Production House
• Not as eye appealing
• Large areas under roof
• More crowded spaces
• Entire houses and areas for a 1 type of plant

61

• RETAIL AND PRODUCTION GREENHOUSES ARE CONSIDERED
  TO BE COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSES

62
Basic Types of Coverings

• GLASS
• FLEXIBLE PLASTIC FILMS
• RIGID PLASTIC SHEETS

63
1. GLASS

• ADVANTAGES
• Excellent Light Transmission
• Available
• DISADVANTAGES
• Breakable
• High heat loss
• Most Expensive

64
2. FLEXIBLE PLASTIC FILMS

• EXAMPLES
• PVC- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
• PVF- POLYVINYL FLOURIDE FILM
• POLYETHYLENE- Most Common
• ADVANTAGES
• Inexpensive
• Easy to Install
• DISADVANTAGES
• Not as durable

65
3. RIGID PLASTIC SHEETS

• EXAMPLES
• FIBERGLASS
• ACRYLIC- PLEXIGLASS
• POLYCARBONATE- LEXAN
• ADVANTAGES
• Light weight
• Most Durable
• DISADVANTAGES
• More expensive than flexible plastic

66
LEXAN

• USED ON OUR GREENHOUSE
• DOUBLE PANEL
• SMALL VERTICAL CELLS
• GOOD INSULATION
• DURABLE

67
Framing Materials

• 2 MAIN MATERIALS
• METAL
• WOOD
• MORE TOMORROW

68
Greenhouse Systems

1. Heating
2. Cooling
3. Ventilation
4. Watering

69
Heating Systems

1. Boilers
2. Unit heaters
3. Radiant or infrared heaters
4. Terms BTU

70
Heating Systems

• Things to keep in mind
• Optimum temperature ranges from 60-80 degrees,
  depending on the plant stages
• Night temperature often from 50-65 degrees

71
1. Boilers

• A.K.A- Centralized
• Usually used to heat larger greenhouses (15,000
  sq ft or more)
• Burns fossil fuels to create steam or heat water
  (coal, oil, natural gas)
• Pipes are used to distribute heat
• 2 Types
• Steam systems
• Hot water systems
• Provides more constant heat

72
Pipes
73
Cold Pockets
74
Hot Water or Steam Distribution
75
(No Transcript)
76
(No Transcript)
77
2. Unit Heaters

• A.K.A. LOCALIZED
• Used for smaller greenhouses
• Convection heat- to heat the air
• Distribute heat by fans or convention tubes
• Most burn natural gas
• Modine Heater is a common brand
• Can operate independently

78
Convection Tube
79
Holes
80
(No Transcript)
81
3. Radiant Heaters

• AKA- Infrared Heater
• Infrared Heat Lamp creates heat
• Radiant Heat
• IR warms surfaces (plants, benches, sidewalks,
  soil)
• The warm surfaces in turn warms the air
• The air is not directly heated
• Heaters are overhead 20 to 30 feet apart
• Fueled on gas or electricity

82
4. Terms

• BTU (British Thermal Unit)
• Heat required to raise 1 lb. of water 1oF
• Used to measure and compare ability of heating
  systems

83
Cooling and Ventilation Systems

• No Cooling
• NATURAL VENTILATION
• FAN SHUTTER COOLING
• FAN SHUTTER COOLING with SHADE CLOTH
• Evaporative Cooling
• Fan Pad (Evaporative Cooling)

84
SHADE CLOTHES- often used to supplement
cooling/vent systems

• Available in a variety of colors and shading
  abilities

85
1. NO COOLING

• 1. Inside temperature of greenhouse can exceed
  140 degrees F.
• 2. Plants will die within a short period of time.

                                                
                     
86
2. NATURAL VENTILATION

• 1. Roof vent opens to allow hot air to escape to
  outside.
• 2.  Door or other opening must be left open to
  provide for incoming air from outside to replace
  exhausted air.
• 3. On hot summer days temperatures can rise 20 to
  30 degrees above outside temperature.
• 4. Recommended for mild climate areas only.

87
NATURAL VENTILATION
88
NATURAL VENTILATION
89
3. FAN SHUTTER COOLING

• 1. Outdoor air is introduced through motorized
  inlet shutters.
• 2. Hot air is exhausted by exhaust fans.
• 3.Temperature inside house can be maintained
  within 10 degrees of outdoor temperature.
• 4. controlled by thermostat.

90
FAN SHUTTER COOLING
91
SHUTTERS AND FANS
92
SHUTTERS AND FANS
93
FAN SHUTTER COOLING
94
4. FAN SHUTTER COOLING with SHADE CLOTH

• Similar to fan shutter cooling
• Differences
• 1.  Shade cloth is placed over exterior of
  greenhouse or suspended from wires placed on
  inside.
• 2. Temperature inside house can be maintained
  within 3 to 4 degrees of outdoor temperature

95
FAN SHUTTER COOLING with SHADE CLOTH
96
5. Evaporative Cooling

• 1. Outdoor air is cooled by Evaporative Cooler
  (located outside) and discharged into greenhouse.
• 2. Hot air is exhausted through outlet shutters
  which operate automatically
• 3. Temperature inside house can be as much as 10
  to 15 degrees cooler than outdoor temperature.
• 4. controlled by thermostat.

97
Evaporative Cooling
98
EVAPORATIVE COOLERS
99
6. EVAPORATIVE COOLING (Fan Pad)

• 1. Outdoor air is drawn through pad cooling
  system located on one end wall of the
  greenhouse.  This cool air enters into the
  greenhouse.
• 2. Hot air is exhausted by fans mounted on the
  opposite end wall of the greenhouse.
• 3. Temperature inside house can be as much as 10
  to 15 degrees cooler than outdoor temperature.
• 4. controlled by thermostat.

100
EVAPORATIVE COOLING (Fan Pad)
101
EVAPORATIVE COOLING (Fan Pad)

• Pad
• Water Tank
• With pump

102
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
103
(No Transcript)
104
SHUTTERS AND FANS
105
D. IRRIGATION

1. Drip irrigation
2. Mist nozzles
3. Fertilizer injectors
4. Automatic Controls
5. Solenoid valves

106
DRIP IRRIGATION (tubes)
107
DRIP IRRIGATION
108
MIST NOZZLES
109
MISTER (FOGGER)
110
FERTILIZER INJECTORS

• SLOWLY ADD FERTILIZERS TO IRRIGATION WATER, AT A
  SET RATE

111
IRRIGATION CONTROLS

• Solenoid Valves
• Help control
• flow rate

112
Examples of Greenhouse plants
113
(No Transcript)
114
(No Transcript)
115
(No Transcript)
116
(No Transcript)