Methane and Hydrogen

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Methaneand Hydrogen
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Methane

• Methane is a significant and plentiful fuel which
  is the principal component of natural gas.
  Burning one molecule of methane in the presence
  of oxygen releases one molecule of CO2 (carbon
  dioxide) and two molecules of H2O
• CH4  2O2 ? CO2  2H2O
• Methane's relative abundance and clean burning
  process makes it a very attractive fuel. However,
  because it is a gas (at normal temperature and
  pressure) and not a liquid or solid, methane is
  difficult to transport from the areas that
  produce it to the areas that consume it.
  Converting methane to derivatives that are more
  easily transported, such as methanol, is an
  active area of research. Certain microorganisms
  can effect this selective oxidation using enzymes
  called methane monooxygenases.

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Sources of methane

• Natural gas fields
• The major source of methane is extraction from
  geological deposits known as natural gas fields.
  It is associated with other hydrocarbon fuels and
  sometimes accompanied by helium and nitrogen. The
  gas at shallow levels (low pressure) is formed by
  anaerobic decay of organic matter and reworked
  methane from deep under the Earth's surface. In
  general, sediments buried deeper and at higher
  temperatures than those which give oil generate
  natural gas.

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Hydrogen

• Hydrogen (IPA /'ha?dr?(?)d??n/), is a chemical
  element that has the symbol H and an atomic
  number of 1. At standard temperature and pressure
  it is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic,
  tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas (H2).
  With an atomic mass of 1.00794 g/mol, hydrogen is
  the lightest element.

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• Hydrogen is the most abundant of the chemical
  elements, constituting roughly 75 of the
  universe's elemental mass.1 Stars in the main
  sequence are mainly composed of hydrogen in its
  plasma state. Elemental hydrogen is relatively
  rare on Earth, and is industrially produced from
  hydrocarbons such as methane, after which most
  elemental hydrogen is used "captively" (meaning
  locally at the production site), with the largest
  markets about equally divided between fossil fuel
  upgrading (e.g., hydrocracking) and in ammonia
  production (mostly for the fertilizer market).
  Hydrogen may be produced from water using the
  process of electrolysis, but this process is
  presently significantly more expensive
  commercially than hydrogen production from
  natural gas.

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• The most common naturally occurring isotope of
  hydrogen is known as protium, has a single proton
  and no neutrons. In ionic compounds it can take
  on either a positive charge (becoming a cation
  composed of a bare proton) or a negative charge
  (becoming an anion known as a hydride). Hydrogen
  can form compounds with most elements and is
  present in water and most organic compounds. It
  plays a particularly important role in acid-base
  chemistry, in which many reactions involve the
  exchange of protons between soluble molecules. As
  the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger
  equation can be solved analytically, study of the
  energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom has
  played a key role in the development of quantum
  mechanics.

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• Hydrogen can combust rapidly in air. It burned
  rapidly in the Hindenburg disaster on May 6, 1937

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HYDROGEN
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It is prepared byRaziye ALTINSOYAKSARAY
HIGH SCHOOL