The Heqin Diplomacy I

1
The Heqin Diplomacy (I)

• Princess or palace lady married to Xiongnus
  Shanyu (Khan)
• 198 BCE (under Gaozu)
• 192 BCE (under Huidi, Gaozus son)
• 174 BCE (under Wendi)
• 162 BCE (under Wendi)
• 152 BCE (under Jingdi, princess)
• 135 BCE (under Wudi)

2
The Heqin Diplomacy (II)

• ceased between 133- because of Han Wudis policy
  of expansion
• War with Xiongnu
• 129 BCE, Xiongnu defeated
• 127 BCE, Xiongnu defeated
• 124 BCE, Xiongnu defeated
• 123 BCE, Xiongnu defeated
• 121 BCE, Xiongnu defeated

3
The Heqin Diplomacy (III)

• War and peace with Xiongnu
• 103 BCE, Han defeated
• 99 BCE, Han defeated
• 97 BCE, Han defeated
• 91 BCE, Han defeated
• 80 BCE, Xiongnu defeated (under Zhaodi)
• 56 BCE, Xiongnu surrendered because of political
  struggles
• 54 BCE, Xiongnu split into North and South
• 52 BCE, Xiongnu surrendered
• paid tribute to Han court in 51, 50, 49 BCE

4
The Heqin Diplomacy (IV)

• War and peace with Xiongnu
• 43 BCE, Xiongnu rebelled (under Yuandi)
• 36 BCE, Xiongnu defeated (under Yuandi)
• 33 BCE, Xiongnu Khan paid tribute and proposed to
  Wang Qiang, a palace lady in Yuandis harem
• 31 BCE, Xiongnu Khan died (under Chengdi)
• 25 BCE, Xiongnu Khan paid tribute (under Chengdi)
• 1 BCE,Xiongnu paid tribute (under Aidi)
• 10 CE, Xiongnu rebelled (Wang Mang ruled Han/Xin)
• 11 CE, Xiongnu invaded (Wang Mang)
• 14 CE, Heqin resumed

5
Autumn in the Palace of Han

• Author and literary type
• Ma Zhiyuan (or Ma Chih-yuan, fl. 1251)
• Yuan drama
• Major characters
• Han Yuan-di (or Yuan-ti)
• Wang Qiang (or Wang Chiang) better known as Wang
  Zhaojun (or Wang Chao-chün).
• Mao Yanshou (or Mao Yüan-shou)
• Hu-han-yeh (or Hu-han-ye), Xiongnus Khan
• Importance of this play
• History and fiction
• Historicization of fiction
• Fictionalization of history