Urban planning options and air pollution

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Urban planning options and air pollution
The approach in Ho Chi Minh City
Tran Quang Cu Fouzi Benkhelifa
(ENERTEAM, Vietnam)
(EXPLICIT, France) on behalf of
DOSTE of HCMC ADEME-FRANCE
Regional Workshop on Transport Planning, Demand
Management and Air Quality 26 27 February 2002,
Manila, the Philippines
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Background information on transportation

• Ho-Chi-Minh-City Profile
• Total area more than 2,000 km2 with over 5 mil.
  inhabitants
• Ho-Chi-Minh-City shares 20 national GDP
• The average growth rate of GDP was 9.5 per year
  since 1995
• GDP per capita reached 1,460 USD in the year
  2001.
• MC ownership

During 1990-2000, the annual average growth of
the households who owned at least one motorcycle
is 6.5
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Background information on transportation

• Others transportation modes
• During 1995-2000, the number of cars and trucks
  increased 3 times. Number of seats in PT stay
  stable.

Morning Peak modal split (1996)

• In peak hours, 68 of passenger trips is done by
  motorcycle

Ho-Chi-Minh-City Transport Study MVA
Consultancy January 1999
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Background information on air quality
Air Quality Monitoring System in Ho-Chi-Minh-City

• ? Existing monitoring stations (MS)
• 5 ambient air MS (2 automatics)
• 4 roadside air MS (1 automatic)
• 1 radio-active level MS

• ? Monitored pollutants
• Dust, SO2
• NOx, Lead,
• CO and noise level

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Background information on air quality
The monthly average concentration of SO2 is
always higher than standard of daily
concentration of World Health Organization (WHO)
The annual concentration of NOx is always higher
than the VN standard of daily concentration.
Even, the concentration recorded in the city
center (Dien Bien Phu) is over the WHO permitted
values per hour.
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Background information on air quality
Air Quality Index - AQI (transport and
residential sector)

• AQI nearby traffic areas is always higher than
  that in the residential areas
• AQI of transportation is 150-300 ? air quality
  nearby traffic road represents a high medical
  risk on the population

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The need for an integrated approach
Requirements for an explanatory tool/model

• Basing on the local actual collected data
• Multi-sector based
• Pedagogical clear and easy to be understood
• Geographical information
• Allows to define targetting actions

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ETAP Pathway presentation
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A Multi-sector analysis

• Transport sector consumes 19 of total fuel, but
  emits 61 NOx, 84 CO and 94 HC
• Motorcycle response for 70 CO, 93 HC and 92
  VOC emission

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Multi-Factor analysis
Mapping of average speed of motorcycle in
intra-district
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Mapping analysis
Mapping of VOC emission for transport sector
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Urban planning
A worrying trend
Two visions for the City
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Urban planning
Present emissions
S1 do-minimum PT
S2 Improved PT
Urban planning options
Emission standards options
EURO enforcement
NO- EURO enforcement
EURO enforcement
NO- EURO enforcement
?
?
?
Emission level for 2020
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Urban planning
Comparison of emissions level / S1-S2 scenarios
(2020)
(base case S1 - 2020 - NO-EURO)
Urban planning effect (UPE)
UPE EURO enforcement effect
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Urban planning
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Local actions

• Among the 8 points defining the HCMC
  Environmental
• Strategy, 4 are dealing with a better traffic
  management
• Development of Urban Transport Master Plan for
  HCMC
• Traffic congestion reduction measures
• Strict enforcement of traffic regulation
• Development of public bus system

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End
Thank you for your kind attention !!

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