ecological sanitation: technologies

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ecological sanitation technologies

• Christine Werner
• Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische
  Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
• ecological sanitation program, Division 44
  environment and infrastructure

CeTAmb - International Conference The role of
Appropriate Technologies in Cooperation
Projects Desenzano del Garda (Brescia - Italia),
16-17 December
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content

• ecosan principles
• ecosan technologies
• ecosan project examples

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technical data sheets for ecosan
componentsoverview
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examples of urine diverting toilets
ecosan technologies
China
Dubletten, Sweden
Roediger, Germany
Wost-Man, Sweden
? dry/wet faeces with, urine without flush
? dry/wet faeces without, urine with flush
? wet faeces urine with flush
GTZ, Mali
? waterless faeces and urine without flush
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waterless urinals
ecosan technologies
vacuum urinal KfW-building, Germany
Lambertsmühle, Germany
Mon Museum, Sweden
Urimat
Ernst
Keramag
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examples of composting toilets
ecosan technologies
composting toilet, Germany (Berger Biotechnik)
Sweden
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examples of composting toilets
ecosan technologies
mixing chamber with sawdust
optimised composting toilet, Japan, Bio-Lux
(Seiwa Denko Ltd)
electrical or manually driven mixing mechanisms
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examples of dehydrating toilets
ecosan technologies
rear view of a dehydrating toilet, Mali
school toilet facility, China
two chamber systems
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vacuum systems
ecosan technologies
elements vacuum toilets, vacuum urinals, vacuum
conductions, pumping station advantages water
saving, concentrated black water collection,
decentralised treatment possible
(anaerobic) manufacturer i.e. Roediger GmbH
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anaerobic treatment with biogas production
ecosan technologies

• small-scale biogas plants
• decentralized treatment of household wastewater
  with or without agricultural waste

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membrane technology
ecosan technologies

• Highly effective removal of soluable and
  biodegradable materials in wastewater stream
• selective permeable membrane (pore sizes lt
  bacteria)
• treated water recycle potential for non-potable
  application
• compact, flexible system

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vermicomposting
ecosan technologies

• example in South Africa

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aquaculture
ecosan technologies

• wastewater treatment by aquatic plants and fish
  with nutrient recyling by human consumption
• offers high quality protein at low cost
• predominantly in Asian countries
• fish production of 1-6 tons/hayear) achieved

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constructed wetlands
ecosan technologies

• treatment of wastewater or greywater
• effective in the removal of BOD, TSS, pathogen
  and nitrogen
• effluent can be reused
• aesthetically appealing

source Cemagref
vertical flow
source Comax International Ltd.
Niels De Pauw
horizontal flow
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wastewater treatment with biomass production
ecosan technologies
source EU Fair, 2003

• Combined wastewater treatment and bio-fuel
  production from willow plantations (example in
  Sweden)
• Cost and energy effective

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epuvalisation - hydroponics
ecosan technologies
nutrient recycling (Senegal)
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urine storage
ecosan technologies
Various containers for urine storage Gebers,
Sweden Lambertsmühle, Germany

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agricultural use
ecosan technologies
direct injection of liquid fertiliser
irrigation
urban agriculture
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• Thank you!
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• ecosan_at_gtz.de
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