Title: HIGH TECH INNOVATION DRIVES SUSTAINABLE DEVEOPMENT
1HIGH TECH INNOVATIONDRIVES SUSTAINABLE DEVEOPMENT
- High Tech and the Triple Bottom Line
2OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION
- The high tech industry is characterized by
constant, dynamic innovation and we just in the
beginning of the Internet age - Although we tend to take this innovation for
granted, it serves critical human needs across
the so-called triple bottom line of sustainable
development - Social progress
- Environmental protection
- Economic advancement
- Illustrations abound in this presentation
- Principles for regulating high tech without
harming innovation
3HIGH TECH IS INNOVATION
- We are in early stages of the information and
communications revolution - By 2001, fewer than 60 percent of US population
had PCs (SOURCE US Department of Commerce) - Phone, radio, electricity adoption rates all
90-100, but took many years to get there - PC penetration rates for many countries is still
very low - Innovation means doing OLD things more
effectively and more efficiently - AND doing entirely NEW things
4THE INTERNET ERA HAS JUST BEGUN
- Although its roots go back further, the term
Internet did not enter the popular lexicon
until 1994 - Internet access rates vary widely by country and
region - Over half of US residents had access in 2001
- In Europe it was 18
- In Asia it was 4
- But Internet access and usage is exploding.
Growth rates in 2001 - 10 in US
- 33 in EU
- 33 in Latin America
- 44 in Asia
- SOURCE International Telecommunications Union
UN Commission on Trade and Development
5THE INTERNET ERA HAS JUST BEGUN(contd)
- In 2001, there were 500 million Net users, with
one-third of new users coming from the developing
world - E-commerce continues to grow rapidly, up 50
worldwide in 2001 - Wider availability of broadband is anticipated to
accelerate growth further - SOURCE International Telecommunications Union
UN Commission on Trade and Development
6A GLIMPSE OF THE FUTURE
- We are moving into the age of pervasive
computing and ubiquitous connectivity - In the words of Internet pioneer, Vinton Cerf
- What is the future of the Internet? It will
become the 21st Centurys telecommunications
infrastructure. It will become our medium of
commerce and education, of research and medicine.
It will be come a repository of the knowledge,
wisdom and creativity of the human spirit.
Internet will be there, for everyone. - The proliferation of broadband will help make
this vision a reality - SOURCE Crandall and Jackson, Criterion
Economics, 2001
7HIGH TECH SERVES HUMAN NEEDS
- Innovation in the high-tech industry makes
sustainable development possible - Sustainable development is the triple bottom
line - Social progress
- Environmental protection
- Economic advancement
8THE SOCIAL DIMENSION
- Health care
- Greater computing power makes new diagnostic
tools available - New health monitoring technologies revolutionize
medicine - Peer to peer computing speeds medical research
- Education
- The Internet and wireless technologies bring
education resources to remote locations - PCs and the Internet can aid the teaching many
subjects, including reading and the environment - Communications
- The Internet and wireless phone connections can
bring wide variety of services to remote rural
villages
9THE SOCIAL DIMENSION (contd)
- Art and Cultural Restoration
- New technology opens new opportunities
- Safety
- More cost-effective auto safety testing through
simulation - Advance auto safety systems make driving less
hazardous - GPS technology promotes driver security
- Advanced circuitry guard against electrical fires
- Emergency Response and Homeland Security
- Ground-penetrating radar and GPS make emergency
response quicker and safer - Smart chemical sensors detect hazardous gases
- Remote sensing and modeling used to detect
changes in coastal regions, aid in military
operations
10TeraRecon 3-D Medical Imaging
- High-speed broadband, combined with fast
microchips, enable detailed, 3D medical imaging - 2D CT or MRI scans processed in centralized
server, converted to 3-D model - 3-D image distributed via high-speed broadband to
doctors at remote sites, accessed by basic
desktops, laptops - Source TerraRecon, Inc Intel
Standard 2D image
TeraRecon 3D image
11TeraRecon Benefits
- Better patient visualization provides
better/faster diagnosis - Saves film costs
- Eliminates mail latency or doctor travel time
- Source TerraRecon, Inc Intel
TeraRecon User Interface
12eICU Centralized ICU Management
- Using VISCUs technology, centralized ICU doctor
can treat patients in multiple hospitals remotely - All bedside telemetry available
- Videoconferencing for patient observation and
interaction - Source Intel, VISCU Inc.
13eICU Benefits
- Trained ICU doctors reduce mortality by 20
- But many more ICUs than trained ICU doctors
- ICU doctors can work at multiple locations
simultaneously, providing needed care
14Given Imaging M2A Camera Pill
- Ingestible pill containing camera, semiconductor,
and radio transmitter - Flashes 4 pictures per second for 24 hours
- Provides unparalleled medical imaging
capabilities for endoscopy, proctology, and
colonoscopy - SOURCE National Semiconductor
15Given M2A Camera PillConvergence of
Technologies
Source SPIE The International Society for
Optical Engineering
16OTHER HEALTH-CARE ADVANCES
- Broader deployment of broadband Internet access
will accelerate the growth of telemedicine
applications that consume lots of bandwidth - Bio-sensors and software now available to link
Alzheimers patients with their doctors to permit
remote monitoring of condition (Source Intel) - Miniature computerized monitors can be implanted
in the chest to detect and correct heart rhythm
abnormalities (Source Washington Post, 12/30/02) - Subcutaneous computerized pumps can be used to
precisely deliver insulin to diabetics (Source
Washington Post, 12/30/02)
17HEALTH CARE ADVANCES (contd)
- Virtual house calls have become possible
- Home monitoring of circulatory, heart, kidney
conditions will be transmitted via Internet to
doctors offices (Source Battelle) - Cyber-Care, Inc. already provides Electronic
HouseCall, an Internet-based system that allows
doctors to monitor patients in their homes - IBM working with medical researchers to perfect
heart monitors, linked to cell phones, that will
be able to automatically dial 911 when a joggers
heart rate exceeds certain parameters - Coming soon Baby blankets with computerized
sensors, equipped with radio transmitters, will
monitor a babys vital signs and alert parents of
problems
18PEER-TO-PEER COMPUTINGSPEEDS MEDICAL RESEARCH
- Peer-to-peer computing entails using the Internet
to link the hard drives and processing power of
thousands of computers for a variety of purposes,
including file-sharing (e.g., Napster) - Peer-to-peer computing now being used to harness
the computing power of multiple PCs to create a
virtual supercomputer to perform computations
required in medical and genetics research
projects - Downloaded software and web link enable idle
PCs to perform calculations on data packets,
which are then returned, via web, to central
program, in exchange for a new data packet - United Devices, Inc., the American Cancer
Society, Oxford University and Intel are
cooperating to use peer-to-peer computing to
speed cancer research
19THE INTERNET ANDRURAL EDUCATION
- China Netcom, one of the countrys largest
telecoms, is laying fiber-optic cable in rural
areas. - In pilot phase, local elementary schools will
receive broadband Internet hookups to enable them
to participate in classes in Beijing and Honk
Kong through teleconferencing - SOURCE Asiaweek.com, 10/11/02
20DISTANCE LEARNINGUSING THE INTERNET
- University of Ottawa (Canada) offers
French-language courses via interactive
video-conferencing - Permits students in remote regions of Canada to
earn credit towards their degree - Students in Manitoba can earn their Masters in
Nursing using video-conferencing and web-based
learning software from the University of Ottawa,
thousands of miles away
21PCs HELP TEACH READING SKILLS
- IBMs Watch-me!-Read software designed to help
students in grades 1-5 learn how to read - Software includes over 110,000 words, spoken in
multiple accents, as well as many books - Using Watch-me!-Read, student reads aloud PC
pal spots errors and provides as-needed spoken
assistance - Makes it easier for one teacher to work with
multiple students who are progressing at
different speeds - SOURCE IBM
22The Internet and Environmental Education Intel
and the Nature Conservancy
Inspire science students, teachers and the
community to explore and protect the Last Great
Places on Earth.
TNC has designated 200 Last Great Places
23Intel-TNC Last Great Places Website
- Explore the Last Great Places
- Website designed for 7-8-9 grade science students
to take Virtual Tours of the Last Great
Places - 1st Tour - San Pedro River (Sonoran Desert)
- Provided in English and Spanish
- 2nd Tour Berkshire-Taconic Landscape
- Visit http//www.lastgreatplaces.org/
24HIGH TECH TELECOMMUNICATIONSBRINGS THE WORLD TO
REMOTE LOCATIONS
- Networks of telecenters established in parts of
rural India, using a hub and spoke distribution
model - Telecenters in each village can communicate with
each other and with world through the Internet,
featuring - Wireless Internet connections
- Back up solar generators
- Information content includes market prices, bus
schedules, health care information, and education - SOURCE UNEP, 2002
25Art Restoration and Preservation
- Lasers, electron beams, and DNA mapping are used
to restore and preserve paintings and other works
of art. - For example, the picture on the upper-right is
covered in black paint. - Hand-held lasers were used to carefully strip
away the black paint to reveal the color paint
beneath, as conventional methods, involving water
or other solvents, can do little to improve this. - Source The Economist, 11/22/02
26SIMULATING AUTO SAFETY
- Cost of actual crash-testing limits amount of
safety testing auto companies can afford - Audi is installing a simulation system, based on
Intel PentiumTM and XeonTM processor technology,
that allows simulation of virtually any plausible
crash scenario - SOURCE Intel Corp.
27AUTO SAFETY SYSTEMS
- Antilock braking systems
- Smart cruise control
- Mercedes Benz has developed Proximity-Controlled
Cruising technology that adjusts cruising speed
to ensure safe distance from cars in front of
cruising vehicle
28GPS and Auto Safety and Security
- A number of companies use GPS technologies to
identify location of vehicles, both to track
stolen cars and locate drivers in distress - Clifford Electronics Mobile Trace 1 system uses
GPS technology to locate and track vehicles - Alpines Mobile MaydayTM system also uses GPS to
track vehicles - GMs OnStarTM technology offers similar
capabilities - SOURCE Edmunds.com
29GROUND-PENETRATING RADARSAVES LIVES
- GPR used to locate buried landmines that threaten
troops or civilian populations - GPR permits systematic mapping of subsurface
utility lines, ensuring that future construction
avoids these hazards
30HOMELAND SECURITY
- Scientists are using remote sensing, modeling,
and information management capabilities to
predict the fate and transport of contaminants
that could threaten human safety and health, as
well as contribute to environmental disasters. - Emergency management and, therefore, increased
security, can begin with an assessment of
vulnerability and the development of contingency
response plans to natural, accidental, and
intentional events. - Source Battelle
31EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANDHOMELAND SECURITY
- GPS units placed on fire hydrants, water lines,
and other infrastructure can improve speed and
efficiency of emergency response (Source NASA) - Argonne National Lab has developed smart
chemical sensor system technology that uses
microchips to detect hazardous gases based on
their unique chemical signatures (Source Argonne
National Lab) - PQuake system, developed at Georgia Tech, allows
emergency workers to enter and manipulate
real-team damage assessment data on Palm Pilots
and other PDA devices (Source National Science
Foundation) - Enables quicker and safer planning of on-site
responses to earthquakes and other disasters - Played an important role in recovery operations
at World Trade Center site
32ELECTRICAL SAFETY --GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT
INTERUPTERS (GFCIs)
- GCFI sensors constantly monitor electrical flow
in a circuit - When miniscule losses of current are detected,
the GFCI stops current flow to prevent shock - GFCIs have played a major role in reducing home
electrocutions - SOURCE National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA)
33THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION
- Resource efficiency gains
- Semiconductor progress in size, performance, and
resource consumption - Energy efficiency and climate
- Advanced PC power management reduces greenhouse
gas emissions - The Internet is reducing climate gas emissions
through structural changes in the economy - Energy efficient lighting also reducing climate
impacts - Automobile emissions control
34THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION (contd)
- Monitoring, mapping, and modeling
- Advanced sensors permit real time monitoring of
environmental resources - Ground penetrating radar and GIS technology
permit sophisticated management of natural
resources - Teleworking
- The Internet and advanced communications
technology prevent commuter trips, reducing
congestion, improving air quality and quality of
life
35SEMICONDUCTOR EFFICIENCY GAINS
- 1000x Decrease in Size (Resource Savings)
- 10,000x Increase in Performance (Energy Savings)
- 100,000,000x Decrease in Cost
1 Transistor 6 1959
64 Meg DRAM 6 1999
36HIGH TECH INCREASES ENERGY EFFICIENCY
- Integrated circuits and sensors drive energy
efficiency in many industry sectors - UPDATE TI DSP INFO FROM WRI
- Advanced thermostats and building system
controls.. - UPDATE HONEYWELL INFO FROM WRI
- The Internet drives both structural and
efficiency gains - Teleworking reduces the need for energy-intensive
air and auto travel
37Intels Instantly Available PC (IAPC)
- Intel developed technology licensed freely to
any OEM - Based on ACPI open standard
- Stand-by power state
- Low power consumption
- Network connectivity
- Quick wake-up 5 sec
- Exceeds Energy Star requirements (
- Always On Always Connected
- Enables appliance-like usage model.
38Annual Carbon Dioxide Reductions in PCs
(Worldwide)
Source EPA ENERGY STAR Program
39AMDS ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY
- AMD flash memory semiconductors, found in a
variety of appliances, equipment and vehicles,
consume very low amounts of power, e.g. 0.002
0.036 watts, and these devices consume so little
current in standby (0.0000002 amperes) that most
test equipment cannot measure it. - AMDs microprocessor families support the Energy
Star computer specification of 15 W watts
sleep-state power consumption. AMD has also
developed PowerNow!, a combination of software
and hardware, which allows set top boxes to
reduce power consumption up to 74.
40HIGH TECH CAN HAVE HUGEPOSITIVE CLIMATE IMPACT
- 1997 Japanese Telecom Ministry study estimated
that a combination of high tech applications
could meet 7 of Japans emission reduction
commitments under the Kyoto Protocol - Significant emissions reductions projections
included (in kilotonnes) - Telework 1,290
- Intelligent transportation systems 1,200
- Internet 500
- SOURCE UNEP, 2002
41THE INTERNET POTENTIAL
- The Internet may be one of the most powerful
environmental improvement technologies in history - The Internet enables energy efficiency gains of
two basic types - Structural gains
- Achieved when growth shifts to sectors of the
economy that are not particularly
energy-intensive such as the high-tech industry
and away from sectors such as chemical
manufacturing, pulp or paper manufacturing, and
construction, which are energy-intensive - Efficiency gains
- Achieved when businesses change their activities
reducing energy use relative to their output of
goods and services. This can happen, for
example, through the spread of teleworking and
more efficient logistics systems made possible by
Internet. - Source Center for Energy Climate
Solutions
42INTERNET STRUCTURAL GAINS
- Reduction of, or elimination of the need for,
office space - -- By 2007, B2C and B2B e-commerce together
could avoid the need for 1.5 billion square
feet of retail space and up to 1 billion square
feet of warehouse space. - Energy savings just from the operations and
maintenance of these "un-buildings" could total - -- 53 billion kilowatt hours per year
- -- approximately 13 percent of total electricity
growth projected under business-as-usual
scenarios. - Source Center for Energy Climate Solutions
43INTERNET EFFICIENCY GAINS
- Internet shopping
- -- Internet shopping uses less energy to get a
package to a house Shipping 10 pounds of
packages by overnight air - the most
energy-intensive delivery - uses 40 percent less
fuel than driving roundtrip to the mall. Shipping
by truck saves 90 percent. - Amazon.com saves significant energy compared to
traditional bookstore. Energy cost per square
foot of space - Traditional bookshop 1.10
- Amazon.com .56
- Source Center for Energy Climate Solutions
44MACRO TRENDS VALIDATEENERGY EFFICIENCY ROLE OF
INTERNET
- Rise of Internet has coincided with a decrease
rather than an increase in energy intensiveness
of economy - Comparing pre-Internet era (1992-6) to Internet
era (1996-2000) - GDP growth rate increased by nearly 50 percent,
while - Electricity demand growth rates actually declined
- If Internet was a significant energy hog, you
would expect to see accelerated electricity
demand growth rates, not the decline the data
actually show - And, we are in the early stages of Internet
deployment -
- Source Center for Energy Climate Solutions
45GDP vs. OTHER GROWTH RATES
Source U.S. Department of Energy, Energy
Information Administration
46ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING
- Modern energy-efficient lighting fixtures are
4-6x more energy efficient than incandescent
lighting - Use of these fixtures significantly reduces
emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases - SOURCE National Electrical Manufacturers
Association
47Lifetime Air Pollution Emissions
KEY
Milligrams of Mercury
- CONCLUSIONS
- Hg from lamp disposal is small compared to Hg
released from power generation required to
operate lamp - Incandescent lamps contain no mercury but result
in the highest Hg emissions - Similar reductions for greenhouse gasses and smog
and acid rain forming pollutants.
Magnetic TCLP FailingRecycled
ElectronicTCLP CompliantIncinerated
Equivalent Light Output
ElectronicTCLP Compliant Recycled
Based on 20K burning hours, Hg content of 23 mg
per T12 lamp, and 8 mg per T8 lamp. Hg content
of fuels is the US weighted average for fossil
and non-fossil fuels, calculated from
Environmental and Health Aspects of Lighting
Mercury J.IES 1994. Disposal emissions assume
3 in residuals of recycling, 90 from
incinerators.
48LEDs Drive Energy Efficient Lighting
- Use of conventional light bulbs is being replaced
by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) that are
controlled by semiconductors - LEDs are more efficient than bulbs at converting
electricity into light. - The best white LEDs on the market emit 25 lm/W,
which is almost twice as efficient as an
equivalent tungsten-filament light bulb. - Source The Economist, 10/03/02
49ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS
- Electrical motors consume 63 of all electricity
in the industrial sector - The National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA) as established a Premium
Motors standard to drive motor efficiencies
beyond Federal requirements - Based on US Department of Energy (USDOE) data,
broad adoption of Premium Motors standard could
save - 5,800 gigawatt hours of electricity
- 80 million metric tons of carbon emissions
equal to taking 16 million cars off the road - SOURCE NEMA
50ENERGY EFFICIENT HOMES
- Combination of high tech sensors, smart
thermostats, and PC controls can significantly
reduce energy intensity of buildings and homes - Estimates of potential savings are in the 10-30
range - SOURCE UNEP, Global e-Sustainability Report, 2002
51ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MAPPING
- The potential is immense
- Because innovative technologies have the
potential to clean up and protect the environment
and the public's health in a more cost-effective
and efficient manner, finding ways to encourage
their increased use is crucial. (Source USEPA,
1999) - Marine environments
- Bio-optical monitoring buoys, linked to
satellites, can track fish populations, oil spill
plumes, and monitor water quality (Source NASA) - IBM and Australian Institute of Marine Sciences
have developed sophisticated modeling tools to
visualize growth and destruction of coral reefs
in response to varying water conditions (Source
IBM) - Environmental GIS
- Computer monitors combined with GPS can create
detailed geographic information systems (GIS) for
environmental management (Source NASA)
52ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (contd)
- Soil and hydrologic mapping
- Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can map water
tables and identify plumes of chlorinated
solvents and other pollutants in the groundwater
(Source MALA Geoscience) - Used for the detection of heavy metals in soil
(primarily), XRF analyzers emit X-rays that
irradiate the sample and excite the electrons of
the element(s) present. - As these excited electrons return to their normal
state they give off energy that is detected by
the XRF equipment and the pattern is analyzed to
determine the element. - After data collection, the analyzer is connected
to a computer for data analysis and storage. - Source U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Sept. 1999
53ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (contd)
- Endangered species
- Intel and the Duck Island Bird Sanctuary (Maine)
have installed a network of inexpensive
silicon-based sensors to monitor and report
environmental conditions to central database - Sensors also used to monitor nesting behavior of
endangered bird species h
54TELEWORKING
- Teleworking improves the environment and raises
quality of life in several ways - Reduced congestion and lower vehicle miles
traveled (VMT) reduce all forms of air pollution
associated with the car - Local air quality
- Global warming
- Typical commute 18 miles translates into 15
lbs of air pollutants (Source ITAC, 1999
www..teletrips.com) - Telecommuting potential enormous
- 9 of US workers telecommute occasionally
(Source Rutgers U.) - 17 of Finns telecommute (Source
www.eto.uk.org/eustats) - Projected 137 million teleworkers globally by end
of 2003 (Source PC World)
55TELEWORKING SUCCESS STORIES
- Sun Microsystems
- As of 11/02, 800 employees at Sun work full- or
part-time from home - Drop-in Centers Sun provides mini-offices
that enable workers to work at company sites near
their homes, deferring commute to main campus
until after rush hours - ATT
- ATTs employee telework program eliminates 100
million miles of commuting per year - Environmental benefits include
- Saving 5 million gallons of gasoline
- Reduction of 44,000 tons of CO2 emissions
- Reduction of 500 tons of CO emissions
- Reduction of 200 tons of NOx emissions
- SOURCE Sun and ATT
56TELEWORKING SUCCESS STORIES (contd)
- Compaq estimated productivity increases in 15-45
range as a result of their telework program
(Source CO Telework Coalition)
57THE ECONOMIC DIMENSION
- High tech raises economic productivity and
efficiency, enables higher standard of living - High tech employs many high-wage workers
- B-to-C e-commerce is exploding
- New markets and marketing technologies have been
created - New technologies spur agricultural development
- Teleworking provides multiple benefits
58HIGH TECH RAISES PRODUCTIVITY
- Rising standards of living depend on increasing
productivity - Information and communications technology have
been the principle drivers of recent productivity
improvements - High tech contributed 50 percent of the
acceleration in U.S. productivity growth in the
second half of the 1990s. Source DOC, Digital
Economy 2000 - Falling prices of high-tech goods and services
have reduced overall U.S. inflation by an average
of 0.5 percentage points a year (from 1994 to
1998). Source DOC, Digital Economy 2000 - High tech helps create a highly-efficient economy
- Information technology improves communications
between suppliers and customers, facilitating
U.S. manufacturers efforts to sell products and
reduce inventory. Source DOC, Digital Economy
2000 -
59IMPROVING ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
- High tech helps create a highly-efficient economy
- Information technology improves communications
between suppliers and customers, facilitating US
manufacturers efforts to sell products and
reduce inventory (Source US Department of
Commerce, Digital Economy 2000) - Utilities Afrique Exchange provides African
utility companies an e-trading platform, helping
sellers and buyers of power to reduce their costs
through more efficient trading (SOURCE UNEP,
2002)
60HIGH TECH DROVE ASIAN GROWTH EXPLOSION
- Asian high tech exports have increased
dramatically since 1985 - China From 5 in 1985 to 20 in 1998 (high tech
exports as a percentage of total exports) - New tiger economies From 10 to 37
- Mature tiger economies From 17 to 38
- Asian growth rates (ex. Japan) have ranged from
4 to almost 10 since 1985 - Average manufacturing wages increasing as well
- China Annual growth (1997-2000) 14
- Sources International Labor Organization The
World Bank Lall and Albaladejo (2001)
61HIGH TECH PROVIDES HIGH WAGE JOBS, EXPORTS, and
RD
- In 2001, the high tech industry employed over 5
million Americans almost 11 of US manufacturing
workforce - High tech is one of top export sectors of US
economy accounting for over 25 of total US
exports in 2001 - In 2000, wages in US high tech industry were over
90 percent higher than the average for entire
private sector - The high tech industry is the largest investor in
non-federally funded RD, leading to rapid
innovation and long-term employment gains - SOURCE AeA US Department of Labor US
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census and
Bureau of Economic Analysis
62GROWTH OF INTERNET USEFOR B-to-C e-COMMERCE
- 1995
- 28 million in US have access to Internet
- 1.5 million use Internet for making purchases
- 2002
- 149 million Internet users in US
- 35.5 million use Internet for shopping each week
- Widespread deployment of broadband Internet
connections will make e-commerce more efficient
and attractive, spurring rapid growth - Convenience yields time savings for consumers a
huge societal economic benefit - SOURCES Vanderbilt University Nielsen Ratings
Comscore.com Cyberatlas.internet.com
63B-to-B e-COMMERCE WILL DRIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH
- Most e-commerce today is B-to-B
- Global Internet trade has been forecast to reach
USD 6.8 trillion in 2004, or almost 9 of global
sales of goods and services - Goldman Sachs has estimated that cost savings
associated with B-to-B e-commerce can contribute
a sustained additional 0.25 economic growth
globally over next ten years - SOURCE UNEP Global e-Sustainability Initiative
report, 2002
64CREATING MARKETS OVER THE INTERNET
- Viatru Co. links artisans in India with museum
shops in the U.S. - Web site (www.mfa.org/poppy) provides virtual
tour of goods as they are being made (Source
NYTimes, 3/16/01) - The Manobi project provides access to
Internet-enabled mobile phones - Allows farmers in Senegal to access up-to-date
market prices for their crops before they decide
which market to sell in (Source BBC, 10/6/02) - The MyBiz network in Malaysia provides local
small and medium-sized businesses with a platform
for collaborative marketing by linking 300
companies up and down the supply chain (UNEP,
2002)
653D MARKETING ON THE WEB
- General Motors and other companies are using 3-D
imaging technology to provide prospective
customers a more realistic view of their
vehicles, inside and out, via the web (Source
Intel)
66NEW TECHNOLOGIES SPURAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
- GIS systems can use geographical data to help
improve agricultural yields by identifying where
crops should be planted to take advantage of
soil, slope, and hydrologic characteristics
(SOURCE CATIE, The Tropical Agricultural
Research and Higher Education Center, Costa Rica) - GIS systems can use forest data to help local
communities and farmers manage rain forest cover
and yields (CATIE) - Coming soon Computerized sensors, equipped with
radio transmitters, attached to individual trees
and plants to notify farmers of problems or
disease (SOURCE Intel)
67TELEWORKING PROVIDESMULTIPLE ECONOMIC BENEFITS
- Teleworkers tend to be more productive
- Teleworking promotes work/life family balance,
improving job satisfaction and performance - Teleworking brings work to where the workers are,
including rural areas - Seniors and disabled find it easier to work from
home - SOURCE ATT, International Telework Association
and Council (ITAC)
68TELEWORK CAN BRING DISABLEDINTO THE VIRTUAL
WORKPLACE
- Operation Job Match in Washington, DC
- Assists in the purchase of IT and office
equipment and training - Matches workers with disabilities with employment
opportunities that permit teleworking - SOURCE Crandall and Jackson, Criterion
Economics, 2001
69PRINCIPLES FOR REGULATING HIGH TECH
- Keep the big picture in mind
- Do the intended benefits of the regulation
outweigh negative impacts on product innovation? - Dont mandate specific technological fixes or try
to pick winners - Will regulation freeze innovation and progress by
dictating one solution? - Ensure sound science and consideration of
trade-offs - Is there a valid technical foundation for
regulation? - When you restrict one substance, are the risks of
substitutes greater? - Focus on risk, not hazard in restricting
substances - Are there really environmental and human
exposures? - Harmonize with other countries if possible
- Will the proposed requirements establish an
uneven playing field or create a potential
trade barrier or damper on competitiveness? - Openly consult with all interested stakeholders
- Decision-makers should solicit input at an early
stage from all interested stakeholders,
especially technical experts, who represent those
who have a direct stake in the outcome