Words can give you power

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Words can give you power

• Warm-up information
• Text analysis
• In-class activities
• Further study

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• The richest language
• Historical development
• Five categories
• Power of words

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• English is the richest language with the
  largest vocabulary on earth, over 1,000,000
  words.

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• The English vocabulary has experienced a
  historical development from Celtic and
  Anglo-Saxon origins, the impact of Latin and
  French, the massive borrowings from other
  countries, and the modern impact of American
  English

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• Short words long words
• Common words- learned words
• (agree - concur, surrender capitulate)
• Formal, informal, colloquial
• (residence-house-digs)
• General specific
• (weapon-rifle, pistol fine day- sunny,
  cloudless)
• Concrete abstract
• (bed, sun, desk hardship, beauty, freedom)

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• The pen is mightier than the sword

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• Structure of the text
• Language points
• Text-related questions

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• para.1 introduction
• para.2-4 power of words
• economic, academic, social
• para.5-6 vocabulary improvement
• para.7 conclusion

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• get (sth.)across to (sb.) (cause sth.to) be
  communicated or understood
• e.g. Your meaning didnt really get across.
• He is not very good at getting his ideas
  across.

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• Predict v (Tn, Tf, Tw) say in advance that
  (sth.)will happen forecast
• e.g. The earthquake had been predicted several
  months before.
• She predicted that the improvement would
  continue.
• It is possible to predict who will win.

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• Once in a while occasionally
• e.g. Once in a while, we go to a restaurant, but
  usually we eat at home.

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• Have an impact on have strong impression or
  effect on sb./sth.
• e.g. Her speech made a tremendous impact on
  everyone.

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• How do you enlarge your vocabulary?
• Which do you prefer, e-dictionary or the
  oxford-dictionary?

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• Activity 1
• Activity 2
• Activity 3

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A game words in succession

• The teacher offers the first word
• Four volunteers to the blackboard
• Each one take turns to write words in
  succession.
• Each word must contain at least four letters.
• Time limitation for each volunteer 15seconds.

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Try to find the mythical origins of the following
words

• apollonian Dionysian,
• Delphic, hector, siren, sibyl
• Midas touch, Pandoras box,
• Trojan horse, Achilles heel

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apollonian harmonious, ordered, rational,
calm

• The god Apollo governed the sun, light, and
  music. Due partly to the work of Nietzsche and
  other German scholars, we now associate Apollo
  with the forces of calm rationality and may call
  anything that has these qualities apollonian.

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Dionysian Frenzied, orgiastic

• Dionysus was the Greek forerunner of Bacchus.
  He was the inventor of wine, the first
  intoxicant, which he gave to the human race. For
  that gift and for all the spontaneous behavior
  that it led to, Dionysus became very popular, and
  he appears in a great many myths.

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Delphic unclear, ambiguous, or confusing

• Delphi in Greece was the site of a temple to
  Apollo at which there was an oracle, a woman
  through whom Apollo would speak, foretelling the
  future. The Greeks consulted the oracle
  frequently on matters both private and public.
  The prophecies were given in obscure poetry that
  had to be interpreted by priests.

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hector to bully to harass by bluster or
personal pressure

• In the Iliad, Hector was the leader of the
  Trojan forces, and the very model of nobility and
  honor. In the war against the Greeks he killed
  several great warriors before being slain by
  Achilles. His name began to take on its current
  meaning only after it was adopted by a crowd of
  bullying young rowdies in late-17th-cent. London.

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Siren a woman who tempts men with bewitching
sweetness

• The sirens were a group of partly human female
  creatures in Greek mythology that lured sailors
  onto destructive rocks with their singing. A
  siren today is almost always a woman, though she
  need not sing or cause shipwrecks. Today it also
  refers to a device that makes a long loud sound
  as a signal or warning.

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Sibyl a female prophet or fortune-teller

• The sibyls were ancient prophetesses who lived
  in Babylonia, Greece, Italy, and Egypt.

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Midas touch the talent for making money in every
venture

• Midas was the legendary king of Phrygia who,
  when granted one wish by the god Dionysus, asked
  for the power to turn everything he touched into
  gold. When he found that even his food and drink
  turned to gold, he begged Dionysus to take back
  his gift. The moral of this tale of greed is
  usually ignored when the term is used today.

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Pandoras box a source of many troubles

• The beautiful woman Pandora was created by the
  gods to punish the human race because Prometheus
  had stolen fire from heaven. As a gift, Zeus gave
  Pandora a box, but told her never to open it.
  However, as soon as he was out of sight she took
  off the lid, and out swarmed all the troubles of
  the world, only Hope was left in the box stuck
  under the lid.

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Trojan horse sb. or sth. that works from within
to defeat or undermine

• After besieging the walls of Troy for ten
  years, the Greeks built a huge, hollow wooden
  horse, secretly filled it with armed warriors,
  and presented it to the Trojans as a gift for the
  goddess Athena. The Trojans took the horse inside
  the city and that night the armed Greeks swarmed
  out and captured the city.

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Achilles heel a vulnerable point

• When the hero Achilles was an infant, his
  sea-nymph mother dipped him into the river Styx
  to make him immortal. But since she held him by
  one heel, this spot did not touch the water and
  so remained mortal and vulnerable. It was this
  heel where Achilles was eventually mortally
  wounded.

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Try to find the prefixes, suffixes, or roots
common to the following words.

• visible, visit, television, supervise, visual,
• international, intercontinental, interline,
  interpersonal, intercollegiate
• maltreat, malpractice, malnutrition,
  malformation, maladministration,
• childish, bookish, foolish, womanish, piggish,
  devilish, wolfish
• fireproof, airproof, waterproof, lightproof,
  rainproof, bombproof, soundproof

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• 1.Euphemisms (p.157)
• 2. Word and its story narcissism

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euphemism

• Dismiss lay off
• The poor the underprivileged
• Slums sub-standard housing
• Hairdresser - beautician, hair-stylist
• Suicidal attack one-way mission
• Retreat strategic withdrawal

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narcissus

• Narcissus was a handsome youth in Greek
  mythology who inspired love in many who saw him.
  One was the nymph Echo, who could only repeat the
  last thing that any one said. When Narcissus
  cruelly rejected her, she wasted away to nothing
  but her voice. Though he played with the
  affections of others, Narcissus became a victim
  of his own attractiveness. When he caught sight
  of his own reflection in a pool, he sat gazing at
  it in fascination, wasting away without food or
  drink, unable to touch or kiss the image he saw.
  When he finally died, the gods turned him into a
  flower, a narcissus, that stands with its head
  bent as though gazing at its own reflection. From
  this myth comes the name of a psychological
  disorder, narcissism, which is the excessive love
  of oneself, as well as a more common type of
  vanity and self-centeredness.

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This is the end of the program

• Thank you