University of Birmingham

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IntroducingParticle Physics

• Journey into the heart of matter

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Topics

• Fundamental particle
• Leptons quarks
• Properties
• Antiparticles
• Forces in nature
• Carrier of the forces
• Properties

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So what is particle physics?

• Everything in the universe is made of Particle of
  matter called fundamental Particles
• Particle Physics Study these Particle
• Work out how they interact to make the Universe
  look and behave the way it does

Fundamental elements
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What is fundamental
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Standard model

• 6 quarks, 6 leptons

Every particle is associated with the antiparticle
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Anti particles
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• Quarks have fractional charge
• Each quark has its anti particle
• Carry another type of charge colour charge

(P uud 2/32/3-1/31)
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colour charge

• Quarks gluons are colour charge particles
• Two close quark exchange gluons colour force
  field

3 colour charges
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Properties

• Each quark has one of the colour
• Red blue green colour neutral (baryon)
• Gluon (emission absorption)
• changes colour
• Colour is conserved

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together
What holds it
                      
Murray Gell-Mann (b. 1929)
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what hold it Together

• Four fundamental forces
• Electromagnetism
• Strong
• Weak
• Gravity

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Electromagnetism

• Force between the two charges
• unlike charge attract
• like charge repel
• Carrier particle are photons
• Photons has zero mass
• travel with speed of light

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Strong forces

• Attractive force between the
• nucleons
• This force overcome the repulsive
• force within an nucleus
• Hold the quarks together
• to form hadrons
• Carrier particles are called
• Gluons (8 gluons)

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Weak forces

• Causes massive quarks
• leptons to decay into lighter
• ones
• Force carriers are W,W- Z
• Responsible for flavour
• change ( when quark or lepton
• changes type)

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Gravity

• Acts between all particles
• with mass
• Carrier are the
• Gravitons ??

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conclusion
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Need for accelerators detectors
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Any questions ?
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Leptons

• Six type which come in three pair
• without color
• Tau and muon
• heavier than
• electron
• Spin ½ particles

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Gluons

• gluon animation

(a). As the quark propagates through nuclear
matter, it loses energy by emitting
gluons (b) and creating pairs of quarks and
anti-quarks (c). As the system begins to return
to equilibrium, two-quark systems (pions) are
formed
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Gluons

• Carry colour / anticolour pair
• 8 gluons

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