Underground MetalNonmetal Diesel Particulate Matter Rule

1
Underground Metal/Nonmetal Diesel Particulate
Matter Rule

• A Seminar of the National Stone, Sand Gravel
  AssociationCo-sponsored by the Indiana Mineral
  Aggregates AssociationMay 15, 2001

2
Summary of Major Provisions

• Provides for staggered compliance dates
• Sets exposure levels (PELs)
• Allows extension to comply with final PEL
• Allows exemption for maintenance, inspection
  repair work

3
Summary of Major Provisions

• Expressly prohibits administrative controls
• Mandates specific maintenance practices
• Requires regular air monitoring
• Requires annual training for miners
• Mandates approved engines

4
Compliance Deadlines

• May 21, 2001
• All requirements except PELs
• July 20, 2002
• 400 ug/m3 PEL
• January 20, 2006
• 160 ug/m3 PEL

5
Exposure levels

• 57.5060 Limit on concentration of diesel
  particulate matter (DPM)
• Interim PEL - 400 micrograms/m3 total carbon
• Final PEL - 160 micrograms/m3 total carbon
• average 8-hour equivalent full shift airborne
  exposure

6
Extension to Comply w/ 160 ug/m3

• 1 special extension
• 2 year limit
• technological constraints
• lowest achievable concentration
• Secretary must receive notice min.180 days prior
  to full compliance
• posted 30 days prior to submission

7
Exemptions

• For inspection, maintenance or repair activity
  only
• Where miners travel infrequently
• Where work exclusively done inside
  enclosed/environmentally controlled cabs, booths,
  or similar structures
• Workings (shafts, inclines, slopes, adits,
  tunnels, etc.) designated as return/exhaust air
  courses into mine or egress from

8
Exemptions

• Exemption will be granted when
• MSHA determines not feasible to reduce
  concentration
• MSHA determines operator will have adequate
  safeguards
• Plan submitted to MSHA at least 60 days before
  activity begins
• Posted 30 days prior to submission

9
Sampling for Compliance

• 57.5061 Compliance determination
• Single sample by MSHA for compliance
• NIOSH 5040 Method plus submicron impactor
• Sampling personal, occupational, and/or area

10
PEL Violation

• 57.5062 DPM control plan
• PEL violation - plan to control DPM to comply
  with PEL
• Details of plan including diesel emission
  controls, other control measures
• Monitor DPM to check effectiveness
• Records available for MSHA inspectors
• Control plan duration - 3 years (renewable)
• Failure to follow plan - violation

11
DPM Regulation

• 57.5065 Fueling and idling practices
• Low sulfur fuel - 0.05 or 500 ppm
• Only EPA approved fuel additives
• www.epa.gov/oms/regs/fuels/additive/web-dies.txt
• Idling diesel banned - except as necessary

12
Maintenance Practices

• 57.5066 Maintenance standards
• Approved engines emission related components
  emission control devices
• Tag out, prompt inspection, log of defective
  equipment
• Qualified diesel mechanics

13
Engine Requirements

• 57.5067 Engines
• New engines after May 21, 2001
• MSHA approved, or
• EPA approved
• Definition of introduced engines
• Any engine added to inventory, including newly
  purchased engine in used equipment brought into
  mine, replacement engine with different serial
  number than engine it is replacing
• Does not include engines previously part of
  inventory that were rebuilt

14
Annual Training

• 57.5070 Miner training
• DPM health hazards
• DPM control measures at mine
• DPM maintenance personnel
• Miners actions to control DPM
• Record retention

15
Records

• 57.5075 - Diesel Particulate Records

16
Issues

• MSHAs DPM regulation is premature because sound
  science studies are still pending
• NIOSH/ NCI conducting 7 year study for links
  between health effects and DPM
• MSHA should not specify PELs
• Current DPM info inadequate to define acceptable
  level

17
Issues

• The reg is technically infeasible
• Shortcomings with analytical method, NIOSH 5040
• NIOSH is currently studying 5040 Method
• Interference with cigarette smoke and oil mist
• The regulation is economically infeasible
• MSHA estimated total compliance costs to be
  approximately 176 million
• Industry estimate 424 million

18
NSSGAs Position

• Agree miners exposure should be minimized, but
  MSHAs final rule is premature
• We have joined the Diesel Litigation Group in
  their suit against MSHA

19
NSSGAs Position

• Support practical, feasible guidance in MSHAs
  Toolbox

20
Litigation

• In 1996, MARG sued NIOSH/NCI over alleged
  violations of the Federal Advisory Committee Act
  (FACA)
• US District Court enjoined NIOSH/NCI from using
  Scientific Advisory Panel or its work product
• NIOSH/NCI substituted NIOSH Board of Scientific
  Counselors (BSC) as peer review group which did
  not include industry representatives

21
Litigation

• 1997-2001 - US Court of Appeals found that NIOSH
  violated FACA again by failing to properly
  charter BSC
• NIOSH ordered to file proper charter with
  Congress
• Share data and reports with House of Education
  and Workforce Committee
• Prohibit pub. of risk assessments w/o
  Congressional Committee approval
• NIOSH appeal still pending

22
Litigation

• January 2001 - Anglo Gold and Kennecott Greens
  Creek Mining begin legal proceedings
• Feb. 2001 -Diesel Litigation Group file in 11th
  Circuit Court of Appeals

23
Litigation

• March 2001 - Diesel Litigation Group ask MSHA and
  DOL for stay
• March 2001 - Getchell Gold files in the D.C.
  Circuit Court
• Secretary Chao asks staff to draw up options
  paper.

24
Compliance

• MSHAs Tool Box
• Low Emission Engines
• Operate at high fuel injection pressures
• Turbo chargers - optimize power, performance and
  emissions
• After cooling - cools air from turbo chargers
  reducing oxides from nitrogen
• Electronic Engine Control - optimizes fuel-to-air
  ratio

25
Compliance

• MSHAs Tool Box (Cont.)
• Low Sulfur Fuel, Additives and Alternate Fuels
• Low sulfur fuel - less than 0.05 sulfur, reduces
  sulfate fraction
• Cetane number - range between 40 and 57,
  increased levels lower hydrocarbon emissions
• Fuel additives - cetane improvers, oxygenated
  additives, detergents, dispersants or surfactants

26
Compliance

• MSHAs Tool Box (Cont.)
• Aftertreatment Devices
• Water scrubbers - cool exhaust gasses, remove
  30 of DPM, allows equipment to be fitted with
  paper filters
• Exhaust filtration devices
• disposable paper filters - 95 effective, 8 to 32
  hours
• ceramic filters - 3000 hours

27
Compliance

• MSHAs Tool Box (Cont.)
• Aftertreatment Devices (Cont.)
• Oxidation catalytic converters - decrease soluble
  organic fraction and gas phase hydrocarbons -
  must use low sulfur fuel
• Ventilation
• Dilute exhaust pollutants - 35,300 CFM of air
  dilutes 1 gpm DPM to 1,000 µg/m3

28
Compliance

• MSHAs Tool Box (Cont.)
• Enclosed Cabs
• Environmental Cabs
• Must be pressurized
• Have high efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
  filters
• Diesel Engine Maintenance
• Preventative maintenance program - air intake,
  cooling, lubrication, fuel injection, etc.

29
Compliance

• MSHAs Tool Box (Cont.)
• Work Practice and Training
• Avoid contaminating fuel
• Avoid torquing engine at low RPM
• Avoid idling
• Train operators to identify mechanical defects
• Fleet Management
• Set policies for training, diesel usage, engine
  replacement, etc.

30
NSSGA Underground Members

• Company Quarry
• Bluff City Minerals Company, L.P. Bluff City
  Minerals(IL)
• Brandys Blend Corp. Kaylor Mine 3 Plant(PA)
• Commercial Stone Co., Inc. Springfield Pike
  Quarry(PA)
• FMC Corporation FMC Trona Mine(WY)
• Franklin Industrial Minerals Anderson Mine(TN)
• Franklin Industrial Minerals Crab Orchard
  Mine(TN)
• Hanson Building Materials Marion Quarry(KY)
• Hanson Building Materials Mount Vernon Mine (KY)
• Hanson Building Materials Plant 554 (KY)
• Hanson Building Materials Tyrone Mine (KY)
• Hanson Building Materials Yellow Rock Mine (KY)
• Harrod Concrete Stone Co. Glens Creek Mine
  (KY)

31
NSSGA Underground Members

• Hinkle Contracting Casey Stone Company (KY)
• Hinkle Contracting Tipton Ridge Quarry (KY)
• Hunt Midwest Mining, Inc. Randolph Mine(MO)
• J M Huber Corp. Michel Mine(TX)
• J M Huber Corp. Quincy Mine(IL)
• Linwood Mining Linwood Mine(IA)
• Liters Quarry of Indiana, Inc. Lockport Plant
  (KY)
• Liters Quarry of Indiana, Inc. Rock Springs
  Mine (KY)
• Kerford Limestone Company Kerford Limestone
• Martin Marietta Aggregates 237 Weeping Water
  Mine(NE)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates 96th Street(IN)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Ames Mine(IA)

32
NSSGA Underground Members

• Martin Marietta Aggregates Durham Mine (IA)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Fort Dodge Mine (IA)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Kaskaskia Stone
  Company (IL)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Kentucky Ave.
  Mine(IN)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Kokomo Mine(IN)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Malcom Stone (IA)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Noblesville
  Underground (IN)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates River Ave. Mine(IN)
• Martin Marietta Aggregates Sully Mine(IN)
• Material Service Co. Thornton Quarry(IL)
• Mississippi Lime Company Alton Mine(IL)
• Mississippi Lime Company Peerless Mine(MO)

33
NSSGA Underground Members

• Nally Haydon Inc. Nally Gibson(KY)
• Pasminco Clinch Valley Mine(TN)
• Pasminco Cumberland Mine(TN)
• Pasminco Elmwood/Gordonsville(TN)
• Patterson Materials Corp. Wingdale Mine(NY)
• Rogers Group, Inc. Oldham County Stone(KY)
• Scottys Stone Inc. Grayson County Stone(KY)
• Springfield Underground Plant No 1 Mine(MO)
• Stanley Industries, Inc. Sugerland Quarry(NY)
• River Products Co., Inc. Columbus Junction(IA)
• Vulcan Materials Co. Central Quarry(KY)
• Vulcan Materials Co. Richard City Quarry((KY)
• Vulcan Materials Co. Richmond Road Quarry(KY)