The Earth's atmosphere has many roles

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• The Earth's atmosphere has many roles
• Provides gases living organisms need for
  respiration
• Moves heat energy around on the planet
• Absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun

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Chapter 3

• The Earths Atmosphere and Climates

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Daily QuestionSeptember 15/16

• Explain the Greenhouse effect.

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Chapter 3 Vocabulary Quiz 1

• Weather 14. Evaporation
• Climate 15. Humidity
• Temperature 16. Condensation
• Greenhouse effect 17. Precipitation
• Air pressure 18. Hurricane
• Prevailing winds 19. Typhoon
• Trade winds 20. Tornado
• Doldrums 21. Elevation
• Westerly winds 22. Orographic Effect
• Polar winds 23. Rain-shadow Effect
• Front 24. Monsoon
• Remote sensors 25. Steppe
• Landsat 26. Permafrost

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• Weather the atmospheric condition at a given
  time and place.
• Climate it is the weather averaged over a
  longer period of time in a large area.
• Temperature the measurement of hot and cold in
  the atmosphere
• Greenhouse effect trapping the heat in the
  atmosphere
• Air pressure the measurement of the force
  exerted by air
• Prevailing winds wind that usually blow in
  the same direction year round
• Trade winds low latitude winds that blow form
  east to west
• Doldrums areas along the equator that have no
  prevailing winds
• Westerly winds middle latitude winds that
  blow from west to east.

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• Polar winds high latitude winds that blow from
  east to west
• Front two large air masses that differing heat
  meets.
• Remote sensors satellites that measure the
  changes in the surface surface.
• Landsat devices that takes pictures of the
  weather.
• Evaporation when water turns into a gas.
• Humidity amount of moisture in the air.
• Condensation when the gas converts back into
  liquid.
• Precipitation when the water droplets cannot
  stay in the atmosphere and comes water, sleet,
  and snow

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• Hurricane severe tropical storm
• Typhoon severe tropical storm
• Tornado smallest but most violent of storms.
• Elevation height above or below sea level
• Orographic Effect is an effect where moisture is
  picked up from a large body of water and hits a
  barrier and is forced and drops all the moisture
  on the windward side of the mountain.
• Rain-shadow effect is the desert on the
  leeward side of a mountain due to orthgraphic
  effect.
• Monsoon heavy rainy season
• Steppe the transition area between the arid
  desert than the more humid area. (grassy region)
• Permafrost water underground that is frozen
  year round

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Vocabulary

• Weather
• The condition of the atmosphere at a given place
  and time
• Climate
• The weather conditions in an area averaged over a
  long period of time

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Chapter 3

• The Earths Atmosphere and Climates

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• Temperature
• The measurement of heat energy in our atmosphere

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• Greenhouse Effect
• The changing of solar energy (sunlight) into heat
  energy by the Earths surface

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• Air pressure
• The measurement of the force exerted by air
• Unequal heating of Earths surface causes
  differences in air pressure
• Warm air expands, becomes lighter, and rises
• This expansion creates low-pressure areas that
  cause unstable conditions (stormy weather)
• Cold air is heavier and tends to sink, which
  causes high-pressure areas and stable conditions
  (good weather)

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• Wind always flows from high-pressure areas to
  low-pressure areas
• There are four major air-pressure zones
• Equatorial low pressure zone
• Subtropical high pressure zone
• Subpolar low-pressure zone
• Polar high pressure zone

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• Prevailing winds
• Winds that usually blow from the same direction
• They always blow from a high- to a low-pressure
  area

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• Trade winds
• Winds that blow from subtropical high-pressure
  zone toward the equatorial low-pressure zone

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• Doldrums
• Calm areas with no prevailing winds along the
  equator

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• Westerlies
• Winds in the middle latitudes which predominately
  blow from west-to-east
• Polar winds
• High latitude winds that predominately blow from
  the east

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• Front
• Will occur when two air masses with very
  different temperatures and amounts of moisture
  meet
• Fronts usually cause stormy weather

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• Remote sensors
• Devices attached to satellites that act as eyes
  in the sky
• These allow scientists to monitor the physical
  changes occurring on Earth

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• Landsat
• Satellites that reveal the condition of the
  environment

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Deterioration in soil and plant life
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Maintaining Earths Energy Balance

• Rotation
• Day/Night
• Revolution
• Seasons
• Global Winds
• Exchange cold and warm air
• Ocean Circulation
• Exchange cold water and warm water

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Chapter 3 Vocabulary Quiz 2

• Weather
• Climate
• Humidity
• Greenhouse effect
• Orographic Effect
• Prevailing winds
• Trade winds
• Westerly winds
• Doldrums
• Rain-shadow Effect
• Condensation
• Evaporation

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Section 1 Review Questions

• What causes differences in air pressure? How
  does air behave differently in a low-pressure
  area than a high pressure area?
• Unequal heating of the Earths surface causes the
  differences in air pressure.
• Low-pressure areas are unstable, and air rises
  and cools, causing storms high-pressure areas
  are stable, and air sinks and heats, creating dry
  weather.

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• How do global wind patterns and global ocean
  current patterns help Earth maintain an energy
  balance?
• They distribute heat and cold between the warm
  tropical regions and the cold polar regions.

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• Evaluate the importance of the atmosphere to our
  planets energy systems.
• Without the atmosphere, Earth would not be able
  to retain any of the Suns energy.

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Chapter 3, Section 2 Atmospheric Effects

• Water and the Atmosphere
• Evaporation
• The process by which water is changed from a
  liquid to a gas
• Humidity
• The amount of water vapor in the air
• Condensation
• The process by which water vapor is changed from
  a gas to a liquid
• Precipitation
• When water droplets become large enough, they
  fall in the form of rain, sleet, snow, or hail

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Storms

• Occur under low pressure conditions
• Hurricanes
• Severe tropical storms
• Atlantic and northeast Pacific
• Typhoons
• Severe tropical storms
• Western Pacific

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Hurricanes

• A hurricane is a big storm that forms over the
  ocean.
• Hurricanes form over warm parts of the Atlantic
  Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean.
• They form near the equator

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Typhoons

• In Northern hemisphere rotation is counter
  clockwise
• In Southern hemisphere rotation is clockwise

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Tornado

• The smallest but most violent of storms
• The twisting spirals of air can destroy almost
  anything in its path

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Thunderstorms

• Most common
• Every moment about 2,000 thunderstorms are
  occurring
• Lightening strikes kills or injures hundreds of
  people every year

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Severe Thunderstorms

• Despite their small size, all thunderstorms are
  dangerous. Every thunderstorm produces lightning,
  which kills more people each year than tornadoes.
• Heavy rain from thunderstorms can lead to flash
  flooding. Strong winds, hail, and tornadoes are
  also dangers associated with some thunderstorms.
• Thunderstorms affect relatively small areas when
  compared with hurricanes and winter storms. The
  typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and
  lasts an average of 20 to 30 minutes.
• Of the estimated 100,000 thunderstorms that occur
  each year in the United States, only about 10
  percent are classified as severe.

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Elevation and Temperature

• Elevation
• Height above Earths surface or below sea level
• The higher you go the cooler it gets
• 2C or 3.6F every 1,000 feet of elevation

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Orographic Effect

• Moist air from the ocean meets a barrier
  (mountain) on windward side
• Air is forced to rise
• As it rises, it cools
• Condensation occurs
• Then precipitation occurs
• Has lush vegetation

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Chapter 3 Vocabulary Quiz 2

• Climate
• Humidity
• Greenhouse effect
• Orographic Effect
• Trade winds
• Westerly winds
• Doldrums
• Rain-shadow Effect
• Condensation
• Evaporation

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Rain-shadow Effect
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