Chapter 7 Mobile Commerce The Business of Time

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Chapter 7Mobile CommerceThe Business of Time
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How Wireless Technology Is Employed ?

• Bluetooth
• Satellite Technology

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Bluetooth

• Bluetooth is a universal, low-cost, wireless
  connection standard.
• Designed for short-range radio hookup for
  wireless connectivity among computers, scanners,
  and printers
• It allow any Bluetooth device to connect with
  other similar devices, regardless of manufacture

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History of Bluetooth

• King Harold Blatand, or Bluetooth, a Viking and
  King of Denmark 940-981, united Denmark Norway
• 1994 Ericsson study on a wireless technology to
  link mobile phones and accessories

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Timeline

• 1994 Ericsson study complete/vision
• 1995 Engineering work begins
• 1997 Intel agrees to collaborate
• 1998 Bluetooth SIG formed Ericsson, Intel,
  IBM, Nokia and Toshiba
• 1999 Bluetooth Specification 1.0A
• SIG promotor group expanded 3Com, Microsoft
  Motorola
• 2000 Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000
  adopters
• 2001 First retail products released,
  Specification 1.1
• 2003 Bluetooth Specification 1.2
• 2004 Bluetooth Specification 2.0

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Radio Specification

• The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz
  ISM (Industrial Scientific Medicine) band. The
  regulatory range of this frequency band is 2.400
  2.4835 GHz.
• The Bluetooth radio accomplishes spectrum
  spreading by in 79 hops displaced by 1 MHz.

Operating frequency bands
0
1
2
78
2.402 GHz
2.480 GHz
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Bluetooth

• Bluetooth communicate on radio frequency band of
  2.45 gigahertz radio spectrum to wirelessly
  connect devices within 10 to 100 yards
• 2.4 GHz spectrum is globally unlicensed, however
  
• Spectrum divided into 79 channels
• 1 MHz per channel (2.402, 2.403, , 2.480
  LGB2.0, UGB3.5)
• Frequency hopping spread spectrum must be employed

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Bluetooth

• Use short-range radio link
• It creates a common language between various
  electronic devices thats make it possible for
  them to communicate and connect with one another

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Ad Hoc Network

• An ad-hoc network is a wireless LAN,
• in which some devices are part of the network
  only for the duration of a communication session
  or while in some close proximity to the rest of
  the network.
• Piconet
• The technology allows creation of small ad-hoc
  networks (piconet) consisting of at most 8
  simultaneously active devices.

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Bluetooth Architecture

• 1- Radio layer
• primary layer in Bluetooth architecture
• Form physical connection within small network
  called piconet
• Piconet group of devices connected to a common
  channel, identified by its unique hope sequence
• specifies frequency, modulation, and
  transmission power

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Bluetooth Architecture

• 2- baseband
• Second layer
• Converts the data into signals that the radio
  interprets and converts to a frequency of 2.4 GHz
• signals then transmitted through the air by the
  antenna and received by antenna of another
  Bluetooth device
• Devices must be within 30 feet of each other

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Bluetooth Architecture

• 3- LMP
• Link Manager Protocol
• Setup ongoing link management with Bluetooth
  devices
• Include security features such as authentication
  and encryption

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Bluetooth Architecture

• 4- L2CAP
• Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
• Provides several logical channels
• Segmentation of large messages for data transfer

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Connection Setup

• Inquiry - scan protocol
• to lean about the clock offset and device address
  of other nodes in proximity

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Piconet formation

• Page - scan protocol
• to establish links with nodes in proximity

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Bluetooth

• Notes
• Bluetooth is not the only technology that
  operating on 2.4 GHz, as well the militaries of
  France , Spain , and Japan transmit with this
  band

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Bluetooth vs. IrDA and WLAN
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Satellite Technology

• Most of todays long-haul data transmission is
  made possible via satellites circling Earth
• A repeater in a satellite extends the distance of
  a physical link
• A special frequency band is used to transmit to
  the satellite
• The satellite regenerates the signal and
  transmits back to an earth station

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Wireless Transmission Media (Continued)

• Satellite transmission systems make use of
  communication satellites three types of
  satellites, each in a different orbit
• Geostationary (GEO)
• Medium-earth-orbit (MEO)
• Low-earth-orbit (LEO)

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Wireless Transmission Media (Continued)

• Footprint is the area of earths surface reached
  by a satellites transmission overcomes the
  limitations of microwave data relay stations.
• Broadcast transmission allows satellites to send
  signals to many receivers at one time.
• Propagation delay is a brief pause in
  transmissions from GEO satellites which make
  two-way telephone conversations difficult.

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Types of Orbits

• Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) orbits 22,300
  miles directly above the equator and maintains a
  fixed position excellent for TV signals.
• Medium earth orbit (MEO) are located 6,000 miles
  above the earths surface and move used for GPS
  and are less expensive.
• Low earth orbit (LEO) are 400 to 700 miles above
  the surface and move much quicker so they require
  many to have adequate coverage use for telephone.

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Global Positioning Systems

• GPS is a wireless system that uses satellites to
  enable users to determine their position anywhere
  on the earth supported by 24 shared satellites
  worldwide.

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Internet over Satellite (IOS)

• IOS allows users to access the Internet via GEO
  satellites from a dish mounted on the side of
  their homes.
• Only option available in some areas.
• Can have a propagation delay or be disrupted by
  environmental conditions.

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Radio

• Radio transmission uses radio-wave frequencies to
  send data directly between transmitters and
  receivers.
• Satellite radio (digital radio) offers
  uninterrupted, near CD-quality music that is
  beamed to your radio from space. (XM satellite
  radio uses GEO Sirius uses MEO)
• Infrared light is red light that is not commonly
  visible to human eyes common uses in remote
  control units for TVs, VCRs, DVDs, CD players.

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Implications for Management

• Implementing wireless infrastructure requires
  careful steps, which include
• Evaluating corporate and wireless needs
• Sending out an RFP, requesting a demo of the
  proposed wireless system
• Installing and testing the system
• Training employees, and ensuring ongoing
  maintenance

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Chapter 7Mobile CommerceThe Business of Time